| 摘要: | 在政策問題，如能源安全，農村發展和氣候變遷的背景下，全球生物燃料發展迅速擴大，許多國家政府看到生物燃料作為解決其政策推動的一種手段。尼加拉瓜的政府已經設定一個目標，希望平均使用約10％的生物乙醇和5%生物柴油，以達到在2020年減少15%於運輸部門之石油相關產品消耗量。尼加拉瓜亦通過政策，將痲瘋樹種子種植，作為適用於燃料運輸生物柴油之原料。
本論文採用國際標準化的生命週期評估（LCA）方法，ISO 14040-14044，評估生物柴油的能源消耗和環境的可持續性。採用專業LCA SimaPro軟體、Eco-indicator 99、IMPACT 2002、IPCC及CED當作影響評估方法，完成生命週期清單的制定，並評估完成兩種不同的種植系統。
In the context of policy concerns of energy security, rural development, and climate change, globally biofuel production is expanding rapidly
many governments see biofuels as a means of tackling interconnected these concerns in their policies. The Nicaraguan’s government has set up reduce 15% in the year 2020 the national consumption of petroleum derivatives in the transport sector, being biodiesel from Jatropha curcas Linnaeus (JCL) partial option for substitution of diesel fuel.
Conforming to the aforementioned, the research evaluates the energy balance and environmental sustainability of the biodiesel (JCL) by applying the internationally standardized life cycle assessment (LCA) methodology of ISO 14040-14044, accomplished through the elaboration of life cycle inventory and the assessment of the environmental impacts categories of two different cultivation systems using professional software of LCA SimaPro, adopting Eco-indicator 99, IMPACT 2002+, IPCC 2007 and CED as impacts assessment methods.
The results show that the production and the use of biodiesel (JCL) trigger non-renewable energy reduction of 63-97%, (Net Energy Gain, NEG =59.39 MJ) and (Net Energy Ratio, NER=4.28), GWPs saving of 40-73%, ozone layer depletion reduction of 87-99%, acidification and eutrophication reduction of 0.03-49.9%. However, there is increase in the land use of 960%in comparison with the reference system
The research found that biofuel (JCL) has better performance in terms of GWPs, ODP, acidification-eutrophication and energy efficiency, if the by-products are recycled efficiently
however, show negative environmental impacts to the ecosystem quality. |
