| 摘要: | 橋梁建設克服了大自然地形地物的限制，擴張了人類交通網絡可及的版圖範
圍，臺灣因地形關係，大部分陸上交通需仰賴橋梁做為連結各區域之交通聯繫，
對於少數偏遠之鄉、鎮及部落而言，僅能靠橋梁維持對外交通之連結，因此橋梁
成為經濟發展不可或缺的重要公共建設。
目前臺灣橋梁總數約有兩萬七千餘座，隸屬於國道等級之橋梁為2,189 餘座，
隨著工程生態環境的改變，工程用地取得越來越困難，國道興建橋梁的長度比例
逐年攀升，導致橋梁營運維護成本陸續產生，現存橋梁維護成本妥善利用已成為
目前橋梁管理單位研究的重大課題之一。目前新工單位在設計橋梁時，可以選擇
鋼橋或混凝土橋等方案，但各方案之優劣與生命週期成本甚難評估，因此本研究
以交通部高速公路局北區工程處國道三號橋梁歷年維護成本為研究對象，蒐集彙
整民國85 年至100 年維護成本資料進行研究，並找出導致橋梁劣化可能之因子，
探討國道鋼橋與混凝土橋歷年維護成本支出特性比例與重點維修類別。期望藉此
分析之成果，提供將來國道鋼橋與混凝土橋維護管理與預算編列之參考。
Bridges play a crucial role in helping human beings break the limitation of topography and extend the traffic scope. Due to the topography, most of the on-land traffics in Taiwan depend on bridges to connect various local areas. For few far cities, towns and tribes, people can only depend on bridges supporting the communication with urban cities. Therefore, bridges had become indispensable for civil constructions.
There are over 27,000 bridges in Taiwan for now, and 2,189 bridges among them are national freeway bridges. With the environment of construction engineering changes, it has become harder and harder to obtain project sites. Therefore, the proportion of bridges in national freeway increases year by year, and a successive production of maintenance cost comes after that. How to use maintenance cost on current bridges well has become one of the major topics of bridge management researches. During the design period, designers can choose to design steel bridges or concrete bridges or others, but it is hard for them to compare the advantages and disadvantages and the life-cycle cost between different alternatives.
Hence, this thesis adopts the data of National freeway No.3 bridges which are managed by Northern Region Office, Taiwan Area National Freeway Bureau (TANFB), MOTC, in Taiwan. This thesis focuses on the maintenance items and costs from 1996 to 2011, finds the factors which might cause the deterioration of bridges, the features of maintenance costs and the key maintenance items of steel bridges and
concrete bridges. Hopefully, it could offer a reference for steel bridges and concrete bridges maintenance management and cost budgeting of National Freeway in the future. |
