肌酐酸是人類體內肌肉運動後代謝產生的最終產物，人體中每日的肌酐酸產量皆由腎臟過濾後經由尿液排出。所以在人體血液中的肌酐酸濃度是一個診斷腎小球過濾功能的一個重要指標。一般的肌酐酸感測電極是由鉑或金製作而成，這些金屬非常的昂貴，而且難以製造。本研究利用網版印刷技術搭配表面粗糙化技術，建構出一種多孔指叉碳電極，並用於肌酐酸感測。透過在網印碳漿中均勻混合碳酸鈣(CaCO3)粉末，並且以鹽酸溶解這些粉末，在電極表面製作出許多細微孔洞，增加電極的檢測表面積，並增強其量測電流響應。 本研究利用計時伏安法，量測電極的電化學響應。根據實驗結果顯示，電極在純系統溶液的肌酐酸量測中，有著廣大的線性量測區間，為0 ~ 550 μM(約0 ~ 6.2 mg/dL)，R2=0.99309。涵蓋了傳統的肌酐酸網印碳電極無法檢測到的低濃度區間。電極也有3.46 μA/mM的優良靈敏度。透過表面粗糙化的方法，也使電極在純系統量測下無論在靈敏度和線性區間上，相較於傳統網印碳電極，皆有所提升。在模擬人體樣本的人類血清中，電極也在88 ~ 438 μM(1.0 ~ 4.9 mg/dL)的線性區間(R2=0.98584)，靈敏度為2.78μA/mM。顯示經過表面粗糙化的電極，在血清的檢測環境下也能提升電極的檢測效能，使其線性檢測範圍能媲美先前文獻的肌酐酸鉑電極。電極同時在含有人類血液中各種干擾物質的樣本接受測試，實驗結果也顯示以計時伏安法量測的電極，受到干擾物影響造成的量測偏差皆小於5%。最後在實際的人體樣本檢驗中，和臨床的檢驗方法也有著良好的相關性，量測電流變異皆在95%的信賴區間內。中、高濃度的檢測濃度值誤差皆小於10%。透過這種電極，提高了網印碳電極在肌酐酸的感測效能，也為肌酐酸診斷提供了一個更加便宜方便的選擇。; Creatinine is a product of muscle metabolism. The daily produce of creatinine is filtered by kidney and excreted by urine. Creatinine level in human blood is an important indication of renal corpuscle status. Conventional creatinine sensors are made up with noble metals, such as platinum or gold, and are hard to fabricate. In this study, we develop a porous carbon-paste interdigitated electrode by screen printing technology for the measurement of creatinine. Made of carbon paste doped with CaCO3 powder and subsequently dissolved with HCl, the electrodes possessed increased surface area and enhanced current response. In this study, we use chronoamperometry to measure the current response. By the surface roughing procedure, the linear range and sensitivity of the electrode is enhanced to be better than conventional screen-printing creatinine electrode. The creatinine sensor has a wide linear range from 0 to 550 μM (06.2 mg/dL) with R2 = 0.99309 in deionized water. It covers a lower concentration range than conventional screen printed creatinine sensors. The sensitivity is enhanced to 3.46 μA/mM.. In normal human serum sample, the creatinine sensor has wide linear range from 88 to 438 μM (1.0¬ 4.9 mg/dL) with R2 = 0.98584 and a sensitivity of 2.78 μA/mM. With the surface roughing procedure, the performance of electrode is also enhanced in normal human serum, like in DI water. This makes the linear detection range of the screen-printing carbon electrode becomes close to conventional platinum electrode. The creatinine sensor was also tested in creatinine sample with three interferences. The resultant interference current was less than 5%. In real human blood sample, the performance of the proposed creatinine sensor is highly similar to that of the Jaffe method. The difference between the measurement results of the homemade electrode and Jaffe method in middle and high concentrations are within 10%. This porous creatinine sensor outperformed conventional screen printed carbon electrodes. It provides a better choice for creatinine diagnosis.
