| 摘要: | 隨著行動裝置的快速發展與擴增實境技術的逐漸成熟，行動式的擴增實境逐漸獲得許多研究的關注，並且被認為擁有教學應用上的潛力，尤其是美國新媒體聯盟每年定期發佈的「地平線報告」中，曾多次提到擴增實境應用於教學科技上的潛力與趨勢。此外，國際上多篇研究曾提到，學習者在真實環境與虛擬物件之間直接互動，不但能加強學習者的身歷其境的感受，幫助學生沉浸在學習內容中，學生更可以透過擴增實境中3D的視角來學習教學內容，將抽象的事物視覺化，強化認知內容及程序性操作的學習。
然而，從文獻中得知，目前擴增實境技術結合正試課程內容並且實際應用於教學中的研究仍然不多，其中基於圖像式擴增實境的研究仍大多著重在互動經驗上，需要更多實證性的研究以進一步探索學習者的學習過程以及學習成效。因此，本研究以行動裝置做為平台，建置一款影像式的擴增實境學習系統，並以國小自然與生活科技領域中的「水中生物水中生物」單元為例，針對四年級學生，進行準實驗研究。實驗組透過擴增實境 APP進行學習，而控制組則是透過行動裝置觀看影片，以探討影像式的擴增實境應用於真實教學情境中，對於學習成效、學習動機、學習模式滿意度與認知負荷的影響。
研究結果顯示，實驗組學生後測成績顯著高於前測成績，顯示擴增實境應用於教學中確實有助於學習。即使控制組與實驗組的學習成效在統計上沒有顯著差異，然而，在學習動機、學習模式滿意度方面，實驗組都顯著高於控制組，顯示擴增實境有助於學生維持自我成長的動力。在認知負荷方面，控制組與實驗組並沒有顯著的差異，表示並不會因為擴增實境提供大量資訊，而導致學生認知過載。此外，從研究日誌中發現學生不僅表示此技術提供更有趣的學習模式，亦能提供新的思考方式來觀察的事物，能有效提高參與學習活動的意願、專注力與持續力。
此次研究結果提供了擴增實境應用於教學的實證性研究數據，建議後續研究可增加教師與學生的編輯介面，以提高擴增實境的互動性以及應用層面，此外，教學活動的設計可朝向創造力或程序性知識的訓練，以有效整合擴增實境的特性。
;With the development of mobile devices and amplification of Augmented Reality, mobile AR gradually gained the attention of many studies and is thought to have the potential for application of the teaching, especially in the "horizon report", has repeatedly referred to the potential of AR applied on instructional technology and trends. In addition, international research has mentioned that learner in real-world interaction with virtual objects, will help students immersed in learning content, students can also study the learning content in 3D perspective, and visualize the abstract things, strengthen the learning of cognitive content and procedural operation.
However, the AR technology actually applied in the teaching of research is still initially, where image-based AR research is still mostly focuses on the interactive experience, more empirical research is needed to further exploration of learner′s learning processes and learning outcomes. Therefore, this study designs an image-based AR learning system and applied to aquatic learning in the elementary. Experimental group used AR learning APP and the control group used mobile device to watch learning video. This experiment find out the effects of learning achievements、learning motivation、satisfaction with the learning approach and cognitive load via AR learning application.
Results show that the learning achievements of the two groups are not significantly different, but the learning motivation and satisfaction with the learning approach of experimental group had more significant progress than the control group, shows that augmented reality environment can help students in sustaining the momentum of growth. The cognitive load of the two groups are not significantly different, shows that not because of AR provides a lot of information, which led to students′ cognitive overload.
This research results provide an empirical research data for augmented reality applied in the teaching. It is recommended that follow-up research can increase teachers ′ and students ′ editing interface to improve interactivity of augmented reality, as well as application level. In addition, the design of teaching activities toward the training of creativity or procedural knowledge, to effectively integrate augmented reality features. |
