| 摘要: | 本論文主要探討19世紀維也納的重要作曲家小約翰‧史特勞斯（Johann Strauß II, 1825-1899）於1874年完成的輕歌劇《蝙蝠》（Die Fledermaus）。史特勞斯共創作了16部舞臺作品，其中以《蝙蝠》最為膾炙人口，至今百餘年，仍為全球各大劇院經常演出的經典劇目。《蝙蝠》的劇本由哈夫納（Karl Haffner, 1804-1876）和葛內（Richard Genée, 1823-1895 ）根劇法國梅雅克（Henri eilhac, 1831-1897）和阿勒維（Ludovic Halévy, 1834-1908）的喜劇《年夜》（Le Réveillon, 1872）劇本改編而成。史特勞斯能夠開啟19世紀維也納輕歌劇的黃金時代，《蝙蝠》功不可沒，它是最能代表維也納輕歌劇的經典作品，為日後維也納輕歌劇的發展奠定了良好的模範。
輕歌劇的風格輕鬆活潑，娛樂性較高，有時甚至帶有反諷或挖苦的戲劇效果。《蝙蝠》劇情就是在講述一個精心安排的「蝙蝠的報復」計畫，讓昔日陷害友人出糗的富商，有朝一日也落入當眾難堪的窘境。全劇貫穿著華麗優雅、輕快流暢的圓舞曲旋律，對白幽默，情節令人莞爾。本論文首先將概述史特勞斯的生涯與經歷，並著重於他在舞臺作品的創作過程與風格上的綜整，以做為研究《蝙蝠》的基礎。接著重點放在序曲、三幕劇情與音樂的分析，探討史特勞斯如何運用他拿手的舞曲旋律來烘托劇中人物的性格。最後則從音樂、劇情、角色人物等切入，將這齣輕歌劇的內容意涵與特色、藝術成就與影響，作一整體性的歸納。希望藉由本論文的研究，或許能稍窺史特勞斯在輕歌劇上的貢獻與地位。
;The thesis’ main objective is probing in-depth the operetta Die Fledermaus（The Bat, 1874）, composed by a famous composer, Johann Strauß II（1825-1899） in the 19th century. Johann Strauß II composed sixteen stage pieces in his whole life. Die Fledermaus is the most popular one, a masterpiece which is still performed frequently around the opera theaters in the world. Based on Henri Meilhac（1831-1897）and Ludovic Halévy′s（1834-1908）comedy libretto Le Réveillon（1872）, Die Fledermaus′ libretto is written and revised by Karl Haffner（1804-1876）and Richard Genée（1834-1908）. Johann Strauß II opened the golden age of Viennese operetta in the 19th century . Die Fledermaus is one of the best pieces to represent and to establish a good model for Viennese operetta.
Operetta is light, lively and highly entertaining. Sometimes it has the dramatic effect of irony and sarcasm. The story tells a plan of ′revenge of the bat′. The opera is permeated with elegant, light and smooth melody of waltz and it also amuses audience with humorous dialogues. Operetta′s main elements include: a love story, a large banquet scene and dance music. First, the thesis want to elaborate on Johann Strauß II′s career and experience and then focus on his composing process and style of the stage works. Second, it will analyze drama and music of Die Fledermaus′ overture and three-act. This auther want to probe how Strauß use his great dance melody to characterize different personalities. Finally, the thesis summarizes this operetta from music, characters, and plots to expound the meaning of contents and characteristics in this operetta. It is hoped that this thesis could explore Strauß′s artistic achievements, effects and status in the operetta history. |
