近年來人們為了減緩氣候變遷所帶來的災害，積極的招開環保會議並提出具體做法做出改善。近期我國立法院三讀通過了《溫室氣體減量及管理法》，除了使溫室氣體無價變有價以外，《溫室氣體減量及管理法》也把溫室氣體減量目標具體入法，我國2050年的溫室氣體排放量要降為2005年的50％以下；2005年台灣二氧化碳排放量為2.45億公噸，前年則升高到2.5億公噸，而35年後必須降為1.225億公噸，相當於回到1991年水準。為了減少二氧化碳排放，世界各地紛紛提出有關碳排限制改善方案，最普遍的兩項碳政策分別為碳稅和總量控制與交易。 本研究以台灣自行車產業為研究對象，在考量產能、原物料成本以及二氧化碳排放限制情況下，先依照產業特性利用數學規劃建構出基礎模型，再根據碳稅和總量控制與交易政策與條件配合基礎模型制訂出適當的配套模型進行分析與決策。此外，本研究對於各項碳政策數據進行敏感度分析，研究了碳稅參數和總量控制參數對二氧化碳排放、總成本和供應商選擇的影響。在碳稅政策下，我們發現若碳稅稅率制定過低，雖付出二氧化碳排放成本，卻無法有效減少二氧化碳排放量，若碳稅稅率制訂過高，雖可限制二氧化碳排放量，卻給個案公司帶來大幅度的營運成本增長。再總量控制與交易模型中，總量控制的寬鬆程度配合不同的交易價格將會有不同的成本產生。藉由本研究的模型中，企業組織能夠在眾多的零組件供應商中選出最佳化的決策組合，除了使得供應鏈成本最小化外，也能讓企業組織控管製造過程中二氧化碳的排放量，以符合現行法規和社會責任。 ;In recent years, organizations has established environment protection conferences to mitigate the impacts of climate change brought by natural disasters and propose specific approaches to make improvements. Taiwan’s Legislative Yuan recently passed the “Greenhouse Gas Reduction Law” in addition to the “Greenhouse Gas Reduction and Management Act” which imposed emission reduction and price changes. By implementing these regulations, the country’s greenhouse gas emission is expected to drop 50% in 2050, which is twice lower than in 2005. Carbon policies such as carbon tax and cap and trade can be considered to reduce emissions, and also enhance the said protocols. This research focuses on the bicycle industry of Taiwan. Considering production capacity, material costs, and carbon dioxide emission restrictions, this study firstly uses mathematical programming to construct an appropriate model in respect with carbon tax, and cap and trade policies. The data used in this study is then subjected to sensitivity analysis to evaluate the effects of carbon tax and emission parameters to the total cost and selection of component suppliers. Under the carbon tax policy, results show that a low carbon tax cannot effectively reduce the carbon emission cost. Setting a high carbon tax, even though with limited emission cost, can still lead to a substantial increase in operating costs. In the case of cap and trade policy, the total controlled amount of emission with varied transaction prices can generate differences in costs. The model constructed in this study can help companies choose the best component supplier combinations while minimizing costs incurred in the supply chain. More importantly, organizations can comply with the current regulations and social responsibilities in the manufacturing process of bicycles simultaneously.
