| 摘要: | 公務人員身分及權益的維護，係憲法上服公職權利的制度性保障內容。依據公務人員保障法規定，公務人員如不服行政機關所為之行政處分或管理措施，得向公務人員保障暨培訓委員會（以下簡稱保訓會），分別提起復審或再申訴（合稱保障事件），以資救濟。藉由案例及文獻歸納分析的研究方法，本論文目的在於：探討保障事件之審理程序、標的與實務運作爭議，並在考績、懲處、追繳俸給及撫卹事件等四種類型化事件中，觀察保訓會透過復審及再申訴決定書的論述，所建立對人事行政行為的審查基準與行政控制密度。
公務人員乃國家手足，保訓會對保障事件的審查基準，在個案上能檢驗當事人的權益救濟是否實現，在通案上則能反省憲法對公務人員的制度性保障是否落實，確保政府施政品質與文官體制健全永續。本論文研究認為：歸納保障事件的類型化審查基準，在考績及懲處事件，大致符合我國實務及學理對於高度屬人性事項無從代替決定的理解；在追繳俸給事件，則展現衡平公務人員俸給法與行政程序法規範差距的作用；在撫卹事件，則應提高對相當因果關係判斷的介入程度。整體而論，公務人員保障法作為規範人事行政的特別行政程序法，以其所發揮的控制功能，說明昔日受到特別權力關係理論桎梏的公務人員權利救濟，已不再是法治國家的漏洞，而逐漸得到規範及實務上的鞏固。
;In the context of the institutional guarantee, the status and the rights of a civil servant shall so be protected, whereas the Constitution has advocated for the people in their rights to hold public offices. According to Civil Service Protection Act, any civil servant finding an administrative disposition or a management measure unlawful or obviously illegitimate to him may file with Civil Service Protection and Training Commission (hereinafter, the “CSPTC”) to petition for a deliberation or re-appeal (collectively, the “Protection Cases”) and seek remedy therefrom. By adopting the methodology of case study and reference analysis, this master thesis aims to elaborate the review procedure and the subject matter of protection cases and the controversies arising from real world practices, as well as discover the standards of review and the intensity of administrative control established by CSPTC from the reasoning of deliberation and re-appeal decisions with respect to four classified issues of personnel administration including merit, discipline, salary repayment and pension.
The civil service is the extension of a country’s government body. To ensure a quality and sustainable government service and civil service system, the standards of review applied to the protection cases by CSPTC may help examine the realization of remedies for each personal interest in particular and, on the whole, to reflect on the implementation of institutional guarantee given to civil servants under the Constitution. This thesis concludes that the application of classified standards of review to merit and discipline protection cases has roughly conformed to the practical and theoretical perception that the decision made is highly intuitu personae and irreplaceable. While in salary repayment cases, such application has served to balance the differences between Civil Service Pay Act and Administrative Procedure Act. In pension cases, the involvement shall be enhanced for the determination of relative causation. In conclusion, Civil Service Protection Act, functioning as the special law to the Administrative Procedure Act, demonstrates that the remedial action, which was constrained under the traditional theory of special power relationship, has been made available to civil servants and that such legal loophole of this constitutional country has been remedied and constantly improved in legislation and in practice. |
