近年隨著運動休閒風氣的普及以及大眾傳播科技的進步，職業運動產業已成為現代社會生活的一部分，在運動賽事的精彩內容之外，運動組織的經營效率也成為觀眾及經營企業關注的焦點。在制度逐漸健全的運動產業中，薪資結構以及組織間人員的流動對於組織績效的影響，隨著電影魔球(Moneyball)的問世，已成為近年來運動產業及勞動經濟學的熱門議題之一。 本研究藉由美國職棒大聯盟(MLB)最近20個球季(1996至2015年)之球隊與球員資料作為研究樣本，探討球隊薪資結構與人員結構變化對於球隊績效的影響，其中球隊績效又以球隊勝率與主場售票率作為兩種不同之衡量指標。本研究分別以薪資總額、薪資不均度、依賴高薪球員程度與球員流動率等指標，分別探討各指標對球隊績效之影響，並期望能提供球隊於支付球員薪資時之建議。 實證結果顯示無論是對於球隊勝率或是售票率，皆與薪資總額有正向之關係，以及皆與薪資不均度有負向之關係；依賴高薪球員之程度與球員流動率亦分別與勝率有正向及負向之關係，但皆與售票率較無關聯。本研究進一步探討透過工具變數法調整薪資總額所存在的內生性後，對於估計結果產生的影響，調整後薪資總額對於勝率影響的顯著程度增加，即採用工具變數法後更能顯示正確的估計係數。 ;Thanks to the popularity of sports and advanced technology of mass communication, the professional sports industry has been a part of modern life. Besides the attractive games, the business of team is also an attraction for the fans. As a result of the movie “Moneyball”, the influence on team performance evaluated by salary structure and roster development has been a top issue both in the sport industrys and labor economics.
This research uses the data of players in MLB for the recent 20 years (1996-2015) as a sample, exploring the impacts of the salary structure and roster development on team performance. Win probability and home game attendance are two indexes used to evaluate the team performance; total salary, salary inequality, the share of top-10-salaried players, players turnover rates as the factors which may influence the team performance.
The empirical results show that salary inequality has negative impacts on both the win probability and home game attendance. In addition, the share of top-10-salaried players has a positive effect and player turnover rate has a negative effect, respectively, on the win probability, but both have no apparent impact on the home game attendance. In order to overcome the potential endogeneity of total salary, we estimate the model via instrumental variable (IV) estimation method. The IV estimation results show total salary have a larger effect on the team performance, this implies that the effect of total salary is underestimated when ignore the endogeneity problem.
