| 摘要: | 河川工程乃是國家重要的基礎建設之一，但因應全球暖化與洪災頻仍的現象威脅，如何延長河川設施功能之可持續性，以減輕與承受大自然之反撲，實是刻不容緩之重要課題。然而，有關永續營建發展之研究及討論甚多，但如何加以落實所需之相關有效的規定與辦法仍付之闕如。為了探討與評量專案層級河川工程之永續作為，使工程設計、施工與維護得以朝向永續性進行檢討，本研究擬針對河川工程之特性，建立一套永續營建評估指標系統，以提升河川工程人員對永續之認知，進而有效減緩環境的衝擊影響並提升承受力。
系統之建置係透過文獻與案例之內容做為候選項目之基礎，並利用專家群座談與焦點團體訪談進行收斂，內容包括效益、生態、安全、節能、減廢、耐久、人文與創意等八大指標面向，共計有47個次指標、76項評估項目，分別為新建工程56條準則(規劃設計階段34項、施工階段22項)、既有工程(營運維護階段20項)。項目建立完成後，本研究進一步利用多準則分析法(Multi-Criteria Analysis, MCA)針對各評估項目之執行效益與執行難度進行評量，並利用效益與難度之比值進行各項目得分設計。針對認證部分，本研究亦透過實際案例之評量與專家意見，將各階段之總分與認證等級區分為認證級、良級與優級。
最後為確保系統可操作性，本研究另藉由29個案例加以評定測試，包含新建工程20件及既有工程9件，測試結果顯示規劃設計階段共計有10件認證級、1件良級、1件優級之工程；施工階段，共計有良級工程2件、認證工程4件；營運維護部分，良級工程2件、認證工程1件。該評定成果顯示本評估指標系統具備客觀辨識能力，有助於設計者或決策者檢視河川工程導入永續營建作為之程度。此外，透過第一線工程師問卷調查發現工程師普遍認為本系統具備多元性及可行性，能滿足現階段河川工程之需求。
;River facilities are important infrastructure for a nation. Facing the global warming and climate change problems, it is imperative to increase the sustainability of the facilities to mitigate the impacts brought about by the problems. Although many studies and discussions on sustainable construction have been made, how to implement the studies’ results through effective regulations and guides is still unavailable.
This research develops a life-cycle sustainability appraisal system for project-level river facilities constructions. The main objective is to help design and manage river facilities constructions in a more sustainable fashion. Literature reviews, expert interviews, and group discussions with engineers are conducted to initially develop this system. This system consists of eight index categories, namely efficiency, ecology, safety, energy conservation, waste reduction, durability, humanities and culture, and creativity. Under the eight categories there are totally 47 sub-indices and 76 evaluation items (34 items for design phase, 22 items for construction phase, and 20 items for maintenance and operation phase). In addition, after all the items have been developed, this research uses MCA (Multi-Criteria Analysis) methodology to analyze the benefits and difficulties of each item, and then utilizes the ratio of benefits and difficulties to calculate the scores for each item. The full mark is 70 points for items in design phase, 45 points for items in construction phase and 40 points for items in maintenance and operation phase. Finally, a preliminary certification system is developed in which three certification levels, Certified, Good, and Excellent, are designed, and the thresholds for different certification levels for each phase are determined based on the testing results of case projects.
The developed appraisal system is tested on 29 projects, in which 20 projects are in the design and construction phase and nine projects in the maintenance and operation phase. The test results show that for design phase, 10 projects get Certified level certification, one project get Good level and one project get Excellent level ; for construction phase, four projects get Certified level and two projects get Good level; and for maintenance and operation phase, one project is Certified and two projects are Good. The results demonstrate the system’s capability of differentiating the river facility projects by their sustainability. The testing also reveals the developed appraisal system’s operability and applicability. |
