以往國道高速公路收費方式須減速通過收費站，而現今國道高速公路已拆除收費站，改採用ETC電子收費方式，行車環境方面，變化係在於拆除各收費站站體；車流特性方面則有效提升行車速率與縮短旅行時間，而車輛均能以自由車流方式行經原收費站路段，無需再減速通過收費站，可以持續性的行駛至目的地，因此本研究提出持續性行駛的概念，彙整出持續性車流特性資料與一般車流特性資料加以研究，並分析拆除收費站後是否會因車流特性的改變，而肇事率會有顯著差異，並找出原因。本研究針對民國102年至104年台灣國道一號南下路段事故資料進行相關統計，以兩兩交流道切分路段為一樣本，計算各路段事故次數當量指標後，運用k-means將各路段事故次數當量指標分群，分成高、中與低肇事路段；再以多項羅吉特模式建構有無收費站各程度肇事分類模式，藉以了解有無收費站對於各程度肇事之影響。根據研究結果顯示主要影響國道一號南下各程度肇事之因素為收費站、密度、平均旅行時間及持續性平均旅行時間四項變數，拆除收費站後低肇事機率平均降低5.23 %，中肇事機率平均提升1.68 %，高肇事機率平均提升3.55 %；而低肇事路段平均減少0.5段路段，中肇事路段平均減少2段路段，高肇事路段平均增加2.5段路段，可以發現高速公路收費站拆除後，對於肇事是有顯著影響的。 ;Before 2014, the national highway toll was collected at the toll booths on the highway, having the drivers slow down their speed to pay the toll, but the electronic toll collection (ETC) was changed from the booths to overhead gantries. Drivers no longer have to slow down to pay the toll at the booths and cars can go free flowing through the original road sections. The traffic efficiency is significantly improved and the travel time is reduced. However, drivers can easily develop driving fatigue and attention loss after the continuous driving, leading to accidents. This study will look at the continuous driving and add in the data analysis of traffic flow characteristics and accidents on national highways to explore the impact of the removal of toll booths on the accident rate. This study compiles the data of road accidents on the southbound section of Taiwan′s National Highway No. 1 between 2013 and 2015, using the segment between two consecutive interchanges is treated as a sample and calculates the index of the number of road accidents, using k-means to group the index number into high, medium and low accident rates. The multinomial logit model is then used to construct forecast models for each incidence of accidents in order to understand whether the existence of toll booths has any impact on each incidence of accidents. The results show that there are four factors influencing each incidence level of road accidents on the southbound of National Highway No. 1 and they are toll booths, density, average travel time and the continuous average travel time. Compared with having toll booths, not having tool booths leads to the average growth rates of low incidence at -5.23%, medium incidence at 1.68% and high incidence at 3.55%, and incidence road growth of low incidence road reduce 0.5 sections, medium incidence road reduce 2 sections and high incidence road increase 2.5 sections.
