| 摘要: | 國防科技產品有別於一般市售商用產品，具有少量多樣、客製化、接單生產、產品單價高等特色。對於武器研發計畫生產所需之物料、元件、模組，以往概以公開招標方式辦理採購，以此方式辦理雖有多家廠商參與競標，可降低採購成本，惟在低價搶標的情形下，常易造成廠商後續履約不良、減價收受，甚或無法履約導致解約情事發生。因此，為減少企業營運受到前項因素的干擾，影響交貨品質、計畫期程，思考如何改變採購策略、慎選供應商(supplier)，向合格的供應商改以議價方式辦理採購，給予廠商合理的利潤，廠商在有利可圖的情況下，將可有效改善履約品質，滿足國防科技研發、生產及維修等計畫需求料件之獲得。
隨著時代的演進，企業經營治理公司的觀念、手法亦不斷翻新，以供應鏈內之供應商為例，從過去與企業間的(價格)對立關係，逐漸演變成為協同合作、生命共同體的夥伴關係，選擇優良的供應商，建立良好的合作氛圍，可讓企業營運成本降低、績效提昇、獲利成長，供應商也能從中共享企業營收成長所帶來的利益。所以企業在供應鏈管理的第一步，就是選擇合適、優質的供應夥伴，挑出充分滿足本身需求且配合度高、合作無間的供應商。如此，不但能強化企業的供應鏈體系，亦可提昇產品的競爭力；反之，若有不良的供應商加入團隊，可能導致整體的供應鏈無法順暢運作，輕則紊亂生產排程、延誤產品交期，重則造成商譽受損及財務損失等。因此，評選合適的供應商是企業經營管理的一項重要課題。
供應商的良窳與否，攸關企業營運績效。好的供應商可以提供品質穩定、價格合理、交期配合之料件及完善的售後服務，進而影響企業經營的成本、風險及獲利，是以供應商所扮演的角色極其重要。本研究即在探討如何遴選優質的供應商，運用多準則決策方法中之「層級分析法（Analytic Hierarchy Process, AHP）」，分析供應商評選的方法與程序，並以國防科技研發產業為例，建構一供應商選擇模式提供參考、運用，使我國防科技軍品研發，在當前艱困的經營環境中，能夠在最適配的供應商協助下，充分發揮供應鏈整體戰力，共創雙贏（Win-Win）的局面。;National defense technology products are different from the general commercial products. It is with a small amount of diverse, customization, orders for production, product prices higher, and other characteristics. In the past, for weapons research and development projects required materials, components, modules, used to open tender for procurement. In this way, although there are many manufacturers to participate in the bidding can reduce procurement costs. But in the case of low-cost tender, often easy to cause the manufacturers later to perform the contract bad and reduction of acceptance, or even fail to lead to terminate of the contract situation occurred. Therefore, in order to reduce the operation of the enterprise by the interference of the preceding factors affecting the delivery quality and planning period. Thinking about how to change the procurement strategy and carefully select suppliers. To use bargaining way for procurement with the qualified suppliers, give manufacturers a reasonable profit. Manufacturers in the case of interest will be able to effectively improve the quality of fulfill contract. It can meet the national defense science technology research and development, production and maintenance of the demand for access to materials and equipment.
As time goes by, the concept and strategy of enterprises managing their company, are constantly updating. Take the suppliers in the supply chain for example, they have evolved from the opposite price relationship between enterprises in the past, into a collaborative and united partnership. Choosing a good supplier and establishing a nice cooperating atmosphere lead to decreasing operating costs, performance improvement, and profit growth, making suppliers be able to share the benefits of business revenue growth as well. Therefore, the first step of enterprises managing the supply chain is to choose suitable, high-quality supply partners, and to pick suppliers that fully meet their own needs and have high degree of cooperation. By doing so, not only can the supply chain system of enterprises be strengthened, the competitiveness of products can also get better. On the contrary, if undesirable suppliers join the team, the whole supply chain may not be able to operate smoothly. At least the producing schedule will be messed up, the product delivery being delayed, and worst of all, goodwill damage and property loss may be caused. Therefore, selecting appropriate suppliers is an important issue for business management.
Whether the supplier is good or not, related to the performance of business operations. The good supplier can provide the stable quality, reasonable price, the material part of delivery match, and the perfect after-sales service. Thus affecting the business cost, risk, and profit. It is extremely important for the role of the supplier. This study is to explore how to select high-quality suppliers, analysis of supplier selection ways and procedures by analytic hierarchy process in multi-criteria decision making method. By national defense science and technology research and development industry, for example, to build a supplier selection model to provide reference and use. Let our national defense science and technology military research and development enable to assist with the most suitable suppliers in the current difficult business environment, give full play to the overall supply chain combat power to create a win-win situation. |
