科技產業對台灣政經之影響 —以客家地區的發展為例;The Influences of Political Economy by the Technology Industries in Taiwan -- A Case Study of Development of Hakka Area

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题名:	科技產業對台灣政經之影響 —以客家地區的發展為例;The Influences of Political Economy by the Technology Industries in Taiwan -- A Case Study of Development of Hakka Area
作者:	郭定;Kuo, Dean
贡献者:	客家政治經濟研究所
关键词:	台灣科技產業;政治經濟;客家地區;社會變遷
日期:	2017-05-24
上传时间:	2017-10-27 13:40:53 (UTC+8)
出版者:	國立中央大學
摘要:	由於地理因素，以及東西文明的衝擊，台灣的科技產業存在久遠；尤其是，國民政府播遷來台之後，為安置大量湧入的移民，在桃園興建石門水庫，建置軍事設施及學校，高教在新竹復校，促成客家地區具備發展科技產業的優越條件，對政治與經濟產生關鍵性的影響，關乎國家的整體發展，造成特殊的台灣社會變遷。執政當局自1953年啟動經建計畫，1960年的〈獎勵投資條例〉開啟民間興辦工廠的風潮，接續的〈加工出口區設置條例〉及「保稅廠」政策掀起台灣經濟發展的序幕。1960年代，為了國防的需要，中山科學研究院（中科院）在「自立自強」政策下成立於桃園，民間供應商在其嚴格的軍用規格品質要求之下，改善製程，提升科技水準，而高階技術應用於民生用途時，台灣製品在國際市場無往不利，累積外匯存底；不僅促進經濟發展，更有助於彌補國際政治空間受限的缺憾。1970年代新竹工業技術研究院（工研院）成立，進而1980年代科學園區的設置，成為國際資訊科技社會舉足輕重的角色；特別是在半導體和電子零件產業的表現。1990年〈促進產業升級條例〉頒布，民間的科技能量再次釋放，促進經濟成長之餘，政治改革也獲得階段性的成果。非政府人士在1990年代協助政府迴避國際政治空間的轄制，在國際交流平台倡議「創新產業、解決失業」，所發明的新興科技經濟系統普獲認同，為台灣在21世紀的資訊社會奠定良好基礎。爰此，本研究以質化研究法，進行資料蒐集、分析探討，予以整理，期能提供後續研究者對客家地區產業新的看法，進而對於改善台灣的政經困境有所助益。研究發現，在政府政策主導下，選擇北部客家地區如桃園、新竹作為主要軍事與民間科技發展地點，又遇到轉型升級的時機，加上政府與民間不斷為台灣發展努力，才得以度過產業陣痛期，成就台灣經濟起飛的時代。;For the sake of the geographical factor, and coupled with the impacts of the Eastern and Western civilizations, Taiwan’s ‘Technology Industries’ existed in hundreds of years ago; especially, after the capital of the Republic of China (ROC) moved to Taiwan, government built Shihmen Reservoir in Taoyuan to settle down a large number of immigrants, to set up military facilities and schools, and rebuilt the campus of higher education in Hsinchu for achieving the favorable conditions to develop science and technology industries around the Hakka area, a critical influence on politics and economy had been generated to affect the course of national development, and the result of the social changes were very unique in Taiwan. The authority started the ‘Economic Development Plan’ since 1953, the “Statute for the Encouragement of Investment” was issued in 1960 to actuate founding the factories by the private sector, and continuously, the policies of “Statute for the Establishment and Administration of Export Processing Zone” and ‘Bonded Factory’ opened the prelude of developing Taiwan’s economy. In the 1960s, for the needs of national defense, National Chungshan Institute of Science & Technology (NCSIST) was founded in Taoyuan under the policy of ‘Self-reliance’, those civil suppliers kept improving their manufacturing processes for upgrading the tech-levels under the strict quality requirements of military specifications, as the high-end tech was applied to the consumer usages, the products that ‘made in Taiwan’ filled a competitive edge in the global market, and the foreign exchange reserves increased constantly; it’s not only for promoting the economic development, but also helping to make up the defect of limitation of international politics. Hsinchu Industrial Technology Research Institute (ITRI) established in the 1970s, and further the Science Park was formulated in the 1980s to become the pivotal role of global IT community; especially in the fields of semiconductor and electronic components. When “Statute for Upgrading Industries” was enacted in 1990, the scientific and technical energy was released again by the grass-roots, also to have the first step accomplishment of political reform in addition to the economic growth. During the 1990s, non-government person assisted the government to avoid the obstacle of international politics, and advocated that ‘Creating New Industry for New Jobs’, those presented inventions to be an emerging technological-economic system that received the universal acceptance, and to lay the strong foundation of information society of 21st century for Taiwan’s development. Unexpectedly, while ‘Progressive Era’ was continuously in Taiwan for forty years, and then, after entering the 21st century, the ‘Stagnation’ was generated in the economy and society. Consequently, this paper is in qualitative research method to collect the related literatures and to analyze the causality, then collating the texts, expecting to provide the useful information for the follow researchers a new view to the industries of Hakka area, and further helpful for improving the dilemma of Taiwan′s politics and economy.
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