本研究中我們以實驗室之技術穩定製作出結構：FTO電極/二氧化鈦緻密層/二氧化鈦介孔層/CH3NH3PbI3主動層/Spiro-OMeTAD電洞傳輸層/銀電極 之鈣鈦礦太陽能電池作為對照組，在AM1.5G的太陽光模擬器量測下此對照組電池有著Jsc=20.78mA/cm2，Voc=1.02V，FF=70.66%，PCE=14.92%之光電轉換特性。以此為基礎將實驗分為三個部分進行討論。 實驗第一部分以雞蛋殼作為合成Ca/Ti複合物的原料之一，並且將所合成之Ca/Ti複合物作為鈣鈦礦太陽能電池之介孔層材料。比較傳統介孔材料P90 TiO2與合成之Ca/Ti複合物，由實驗結果得知利用Ca/Ti複合物作為介孔層之鈣鈦礦太陽能電池相較於使用P90 TiO2作為介孔層的鈣鈦礦太陽能電池電流密度有明顯的提升，達到Jsc=23.41mA/cm2，Voc=1.01V，FF=76.32%，PCE=18.02%之光電轉換特性。 實驗第二部分利用單層鋪排奈米二氧化矽球體於光阻表面，藉由奈米二氧化矽球體聚光的特性而作為曝光之光罩，並且於顯影後形成具有奈米週期結構光阻，進而利用此光阻結構作為蝕刻平面FTO電極的遮罩，經過ICP乾蝕刻後形成具有奈米週期結構FTO電極，將此具奈米結構電極應用於鈣鈦礦太陽能電池與無結構之FTO電極做比較。由實驗結果得知以奈米週期結構FTO電極作為基板相較於以無結構FTO電極作為基板所製成之鈣鈦礦太陽能電池電流密度明顯的提升，達到Jsc=23.27mA/cm2，Voc=1.00V，FF=72.51%，PCE=16.93%之光電轉換特性。 實驗第三部分為綜合前兩部分的結果，期望藉由介孔層材料以及FTO電極結構的改良更進一步提升鈣鈦礦太陽能電池之效能。此部分為了尋找介孔層合適厚度，探討沉積一至三次Ca/Ti複合物溶液於奈米週期結構FTO電極上形成三種不同厚度的Ca/Ti複合物介孔層所製成之鈣鈦礦太陽能電池進行比較。實驗結果發現以沉積兩次Ca/Ti複合物溶液形成介孔層厚度250-300nm所製成之鈣鈦礦太陽能電池有著最佳的效率，達到Jsc=24.40mA/cm2，Voc=1.05V，FF=75.53%，PCE=18.79%之光電轉換特性。並且由EQE圖形中得知相較於對照組在入射光波長300-800nm有顯著的外部量子效率提升。 ;We fabricated standard Perovskite Solar Cells as structure FTO/TiO2 compact layer/TiO2 mesoporous layer/CH3NH3PbI3 active layer/Spiro-OMeTAD hole transfer layer/Silver in both anode and cathode. This cell has Jsc=20.78mA/cm2, Voc=1.02V, FF=70.66%, PCE=14.92%. Based on this standard perovskite solar cells, the experiment of this thesis are divided into three sections.
The first section of the experiments. We used eggshells to react with titanium dioxide and synthesized mesoporous Ca/Ti compounds. In comparison with the control group, the cells used Ca/Ti compounds as mesoporous layer can improve the Jsc from 20.78 to 23.41 mA/cm2 and enhance the PCE from 14.92% to 18.02% (enhaced 20.78%).
The second section of the experiments. We spinned coating photoresist on FTO surface and then arrayed single-layered SiO2 nanoparticles on top. After that, patterned periodic arrays nanoholes were created on FTO using photolithography technology and inductively coupled plasma dry etching. In comparison with the control group, the nanopatterned cells can improve the Jsc from 20.78 to 23.27 mA/cm2 and enhance the PCE from 14.92% to 16.93% (enhaced 13.47%).
The final section of the experiments. We further optimize the thickness of the Ca/Ti compounds mesoporous layer on the patterned FTO substrates. As the result, the cells (PFS-mesoCa/Ti x2) shows the highest Jsc of 24.40 mA/cm2 and the PCE of 18.79% (enhanced 25.94%)
