石門水庫集水區颱風事件下之山崩、土壤沖蝕及泥沙遞移特性;Landslide, soil erosion and sediment delivery under different typhoon events in the Shihmen reservoir catchment basin

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题名:	石門水庫集水區颱風事件下之山崩、土壤沖蝕及泥沙遞移特性;Landslide, soil erosion and sediment delivery under different typhoon events in the Shihmen reservoir catchment basin
作者:	吳沛恩;Wu, Pei-En
贡献者:	應用地質研究所
关键词:	崩塌量;土壤沖蝕;輸砂量
日期:	2018-08-21
上传时间:	2018-08-31 15:05:56 (UTC+8)
出版者:	國立中央大學
摘要:	為評估崩塌地對下游輸砂影響，本研究以石門水庫集水區為研究區，以歷年衛星影像建立各年及若干颱風事件誘發之山崩目錄及估計崩塌量體，以下游水文測站含砂量資料估計年輸砂量及若干颱風事件之總輸砂量。將兩種資料量化相互比對，以了解崩塌地產砂對下游輸砂量的貢獻。本研究採用颱風期間連續觀測輸砂量資料，含砂濃度跟流量都透過連續實測得到，相較其他研究採用率定曲線或是水理輸砂模式帶入水文參數推估輸砂量，本研究採用的輸砂量較直接而可靠。經過計算分析比較後，發現颱風期間的輸砂量與颱風事件誘發山崩量兩者之間存在良好的線性關係。輸砂具有時間與空間上的變異性，在年與颱風期間的時間尺度下，從2004以及2008~2015年一共九年的資料，除了艾利颱風發生當年，發現不管在事件期間亦或年的時間尺度，下游水庫的河道輸砂量普遍大於上游崩塌產量，顯示上游泥砂來源充足，不僅包含當年度產出的崩塌土砂還有堆積於山坡及河床的沉積物。從2004年到2015的輸砂量總合與土砂生產量總合來看，發現時間尺度拉長到12年，兩者之間的量十分接近。推論這12年間前三年的造成的土砂量不斷的供應下游輸砂，以致於之後的颱風事件即使只有少量的崩塌，下游輸砂還是相當多。 ;In order to evaluate the impact of landslide on downstream sediment transport, this study takes the Shimen Reservoir catchment area as the study area. I estimates the amount of landslide from landslide inventories of several typhoon events in the past years. I also estimates the total sediment load of each year and several typhoon events by the sediment content which recorded by the downstream hydrological stations. Two of these were quantified and compared to each other to understand the contribution of landslide to downstream sediment transport. In this study, the suspended load was continuously observed and recorded during the typhoon. Compared with other studies, which used the methods of rating curve or the numerical hydraulic model, this study get better results in estimating total sediment load. After calculation and analysis, it is found that there is a good linear relationship between the amount of suspended load during typhoon and the amount of typhoon induced landslide . Sediment transport has variability in time and space. During the time scale of a year and a typhoon, through the data of the eight years after typhoon Aere, it is found that the amount of sediments in the downstream Shimen reservoir generally greater than the upstream landslide amount. It shows that there is sufficient source of sediments upstream, which include not only the landslide occurred in the year but also the sediment deposited on the hill slope and riverbed. From 2004 to 2015, total sediment yield of the catchment is very close to total sediment discharge at the time scale of 12 years. It is inferred that the sediment products at first three years continuously provided sediments to the downstream. So that even typhoon event induced few of landslide, there is still a lot of sediment in the downstream.
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