| 摘要: | 在追求經濟發展的同時必須與環境的維護互相配合，才能達到永續發展的目的。而近年來亞洲許多國家經濟快速成長，尤其是亞洲開發中國家，利用本身的優勢促使世界各地的大企業皆前往投資設立工廠，進而成為支撐亞洲經濟成長的重要角色。但是伴隨著經濟發展而來的是各式的環境汙染，尤其是二氧化碳的過度排放導致地球暖化現象問題，更是近年來備受世人關注，因此本論文將以國家生產力的觀點，再加入環境影響因素後，來進行探討國家整體性的績效評估。本研究的目的是在於比較亞洲29個國家在考慮非意欲產出(CO2排放量)情況下的環境績效之分析討論，且將此29個國家因地緣位置劃分為五個區域及發展程度區分為已開發國家和開發中國家分別探討，再以Malmquist生產力指數來分析各國及區域的跨年度生產力變動，並藉由此兩項指標做綜合分析，研究期間為2010年到2016年間。並探討亞洲國家及區域組織的產業及經濟發展策略及調整。實證結果顯示，在考慮碳排放下的生產效率，亞洲各區域中以西亞最佳，其次是東亞、東南亞、南亞及中亞。以國家來看，2010~2016年之平均環境效率表現較佳的前五名分別為以色列、新加坡、日本、卡達及科威特；表現較差的後五名則分別為不丹、中國、印度、吉爾吉斯及尼泊爾。以Malmquist生產力指數來探討，各區域之平均跨期效率值排名為東南亞、東亞、中亞、南亞，而西亞則是呈現衰退狀況。國家層面則是汶萊進步幅度最大，其次是寮國、越南、菲律賓及中國；率退幅度較大的則有科威特、卡達、柬埔寨、日本、不丹。最後利用兩項指標做綜合分析，新加坡、以色列、卡達及科威特在第一及第四象限間變化，代表這些國家的整體經濟發展策略上，在方向與執行上都相對有成效；而其他國家則需要重新檢視國家的發展策略及改善其產業結構來達到效率。;In pursuit of economic growth, we must cooperate with the maintenance of the environment to achieve the goal of sustainable development. In recent years, many Asian countries have experienced rapid economic growth, especially in developing countries. They have used their own advantages to encourage international companies around the world to go to invest and set up factories, and thus play an important role in supporting Asian economic growth. However, along with economic development, various types of environmental pollution, especially the excessive emission of carbon dioxide, have caused global warming. It has attracted the attention of the world in recent years. Therefore, this thesis will add environmental factor from the perspective of national productivity. After the factors, we will conduct a performance evaluation that explores the country′s overall performance. The purpose of this thesis is to compare the analysis of the environmental performance of 29 countries in Asia considering the undesirable output (CO2 emissions), and divide the 29 countries into five regions due to geographical location and then classify them by development level into Developed countries and developing countries discuss separately, and then analyze the cross-year productivity changes of countries and regions by Malmquist Productivity Index, and conduct comprehensive analysis by two indicators. The research period is from 2010 to 2016. It also explores the industrial and economic development strategies and adjustments of Asian countries and regional organizations. The empirical results show that in terms of production efficiency under carbon emissions, West Asia is the best, followed by East Asia, Southeast Asia, South Asia and Central Asia. In terms of countries, the top five countries with average environmental efficiency performance from 2010 to 2016 were Israel, Singapore, Japan, Qatar and Kuwait; the bottom five were Bhutan, China, India ,Kyrgyzstan and Nepal. Based on the Malmquist Productivity Index, the average intertemporal efficiency Indexes for each region are ranked in Southeast Asia, East Asia, Central Asia, and South Asia, while West Asia is in a recession. At the national level, Brunei has the largest progress, followed by Laos, Vietnam,Philippines and China; the larger recessions are Kuwait, Qatar, Cambodia, Japan and Bhutan. Finally, using two indicators for comprehensive analysis, Singapore, Israel, Qatar and Kuwait have changes between the first and fourth quadrants, representing that the overall economic development strategies of these countries are relatively effective in terms of direction and implementation; while other countries It is necessary to re-examine the country′s development strategy and improve its industrial structure to achieve efficiency. |
