2016年11月在台北市發生了一起死亡車禍，起因是由於前方機車機械故障，突然於路中熄火導致後方兩輛機車閃避不及所致。在該場車禍中後方的兩位機車騎士皆負傷，其中一名傷勢過重在不久後死亡。該事件並非第一起由於車輛機械故障引起的車禍，每年都有數百起的死亡車禍得歸咎於機械故障。 上述的事件能讓我們了解到從每次失效中學習經驗和教訓，所付出的成本遠遠勝過於事先預防失效的發生。而失效模式與影響分析(Failure mode and effects analysis, FMEA)便是運用預先防範失效發生並改善不良的概念提高產品可靠度。 失效的發生原因往往錯綜複雜且難以發現，故本研究將以機動車之失效為例，以特性要因圖系統性的發掘並分類不良產生原因。並利用FMEA之手法針對不良產生的原因進行分析及改善，最後以整數規劃(Integer Programming)配合風險優先值(Risk Priority Number)、維護策略及維護成本之狀況下找出良好的預防式維護策略及維護成本。目的在於最大化設備可靠度及最小化週期維護成本。 ;A car accident occurred in Taipei City in November 2016. It was caused by a mechanical failure of the front scooter, which flameout suddenly in road and and two rear scooter rider failed to dodge. Both riders were injured badly in the accident, and one of them died shortly after.It was not the first accident to result from mechanical failure, which is blamed for hundreds of deaths every year. The above events allow us to understand that learning from each failure has been costed far more than preventing failures in advance. The Failure mode and effects analysis improve the reliability of the product by using the concept of precautionary failure and improving defects. The reasons for failure are often complex and difficult to find. Therefore, this study will take scooter vehicle failure as an example, and use the cause-effect diagram to systematically explore and classify the causes of the failure. And use the FMEA method to analyze and improve the causes of the bad, and finally find the best maintenance strategy and maintenance cost by using Integer Programming with Risk Priority Number, maintenance strategy and maintenance cost. The goal is to maximize equipment reliability and minimize cycle maintenance costs.
