| 摘要: | 本文從近代及現代漢語方言的角度討論舌尖元音的發展與變化，透過明、清各地時音的文獻語料，窺見舌尖元音在不同區域的發展、特色及差異。再者，分析方言的舌尖元音類型，以釐清演變成因，有助於全盤了解舌尖元音的發展趨勢。第一章，緒論。第二章，依前人宋、元音韻研究成果為本章基礎，以此作為明、清研究的前導。舌尖元音在宋、元時期的發展主軸為止開三精組，《中原音韻》是下啟明代北音的重要記錄，作為明、清語料的對照組，可知悉語音發展的傳承與差異。第三章，從明、清語料一窺舌尖元音相關語音的變化與發展。吾人無法從歷史文獻的押韻、體例編排、聲韻歸屬確知實際音值，仍可從音類的歸字窺知演變作用，並從音韻歸屬的比例判斷變化的程度。第四章，以現代國語的角度論析舌尖元音的讀音以及例外現象，下啟第五章方言現況，兩相對照更能顯現讀音差異。第五章，以《現代漢語方言大詞典》及《漢語方音字匯》為研究材料，從
舌尖元音與不同聲母的組合情況、讀音性質以區別類型，並論析演變差異的原由。第六章，綜合論述舌尖元音在近代的發展與現代方言的讀音類型、格局及地理分布，結合歷史與方言材料，串聯起舌尖元音演化的過程及規律。本文從不同的時空、角度探討舌尖元音的演化、發展及變化趨向，對漢語舌尖元音的歷史來源、演化脈絡及格局將有更全面的解讀及認識。;The essay discussed evolution of apical vowel in terms of modern Chinese dialects,giving insights into developments, features and differences of apical vowel in various areas by reviewing literature of languages in Ming and Ching dynasties. Besides, it analyzed category of apical vowel in dialects, which clarified the cause of its evolution, as well as comprehensively understood its trends. Chapter One was introduction of this essay. Chapter Two elaborated achievements of researches into phonology in Song and Yuan dynasties, which has been viewed as pioneer of researches into phonology in Ming and Ching dynasties. The evolution of apical vowel in Song and Yuan dynasties focused on zhikaisan jingzu. Zhongyuan Yinyun（《中原音韻》）is leading literature for revealing northern rhymes in Ming dynasty. To compare it with corpora of Ming and Ching dynasties, legacy and differences of rhyme evolution will be presented clearly. Chapter Three dug into literature of phonology of Ming and Ching dynasties to understand evolution of apical vowel and related rhymes. The author could not verify phonetic value from rhymes, styles, Consonant and vowel attributes, but grasped its development based on induction in the classes of voice type, and determined its variation based on consonant and vowel. Chapter Four analyzed pronunciation of apical vowel and some exceptions in terms of modern Chinese. Chapter Five sorted out combinations of apical vowel and initial, as well as analyzed reasons of differences in their variations, which was based on Dictionary of XianDai hanyu fangyan dacidian（《現代漢語方言大辭典》［Modern Chinese Dialects］）and Han Yu fangyin zihu（i《漢語方音字彙 ［Dictionary of ChineseDialects］）. By comparing discussions in Chapter Four and Five, differences of
pronunciation in modern Chinese and dialects were highlighted. Chapter Six focused on apical vowels in the modern days, and pronunciation types, styles, and geographic distribution of modern dialects. It presented a systemic picture about process and pattern of apical vowel’s evolution based on literature and materials about dialects. The essay discussed evolution, development and trends of apical vowel in terms ofvarious times and view
points. It enhanced explanation and understanding of history,evolution and style of Chinese apical vowel. |
