從1950年起，印尼陸續發生數起的排華運動，當地印尼華僑的生命財產均受到威脅。因此，在各種考量下為數不少的印尼華僑選擇接受中華民國僑委會安排遷移來臺，分別被安置到不同縣市，至今已定居近50餘年，許多的印尼華僑早已落地生根。然而，近年來隨著海外客家研究與客家文化資源調查工作的推動下，這段漸漸被淡忘的歷史又再次被敘述，而這群印尼華僑的「客家」身分以及遷移過程，重新受到客家研究的關注。已有不少研究者分別從離散理論、族群關係等來分析印尼華僑的離散歷程以及認同變遷的軌跡，而對於印尼華僑新的理解，也隨之帶來新的反省與問題。依循著過往研究者的理解，經常聚焦於側面描述印尼華僑與客家之間的關聯性。然而，從敘述觀點出發，他們自身如何理解並敘述自身的「客家」身分或認同仍是未決的問題。 因此，本研究以Paul Ricoeur「敘述認同」的概念與方法，透過敘述訪談印尼華僑自身的離散歷程與生命故事，從中考察印尼華僑在敘述結構的中介作用下所獲致的「身分認同」，以釐清印尼華僑敘述之下的「生命故事」與「客家」之間的關聯性。本文指出「敘事」乃是高度情境的對話，透過敘述分析華僑們的「故事」，反映出敘述者受限於自身所處的語藝情境與人群的互動關係。華僑們的情感歸屬與私密經驗約束自身如何回憶。同時，僑務運作與文化治理的社會情境建構了公共的敘事框架，進一步影響個人的敘事。因此，華僑們的「遷移歷程」、「生命故事」與「客家身分」，實際上是受限於自身文化、社會位置下，反覆調適自身「詮釋途徑」後所交織呈現的「故事」。 ;Since the 1950s, several anti-Chinese movements occurred successively in Indonesia, threatening the lives and property of local Indonesian overseas Chinese. Thus, after some consideration, numerous Indonesian overseas Chinese chose to accept the arrangement of migration to Taiwan arranged by the Overseas Community Affairs Council of the Republic of China. They were relocated to different counties and cities and have been living in those places for more than fifty years. Many of them have taken root and have spread their families in Taiwan. With the advancement of overseas Hakka studies and Hakka cultural resource investigations, this piece of history that has been gradually forgotten is being narrated again. The “Hakka” identity and the migration process of these Indonesian overseas Chinese are drawing the attention from Hakka studies again. Many researchers have been analyzing the process of diaspora and the trace of identity change of Indonesian overseas Chinese from the perspectives of diaspora theory and ethnic relationship. The new understanding of the Indonesian overseas Chinese has also brought new reflections and questions. Previous scholarship tended to focus on the objective descriptions of the relevance between Indonesian overseas Chinese and Hakka; however, how the Indonesian overseas Chinese understand and narrate their own “Hakka” identity or identification from the perspectives of narratives remains an unsolved question. Therefore, this study applied Paul Ricoeur’s concept and method of “narrative identity” to investigate the “identification with identity” acquired by Indonesian overseas Chinese from the mediating effect in a narrative structure in order to clarify the relevance between “life stories” and “Hakka” in the narrative of Indonesian overseas Chinese. This paper indicated that “narratives” are highly situational conversations. Through narratives, the paper analyzed stories of the Indonesian overseas Chinese and reflected the rhetoric situations and interpersonal relationship that confined the narrators. The “migration process,” “life stories,” and “Hakka identity” of the Indonesian overseas Chinese are actually the stories presented in the interweaving process of the narrators’ constant adjustment of “interpretive paths” when the narrators were confined to their own cultural and social positions.
