| 摘要: | 銀行業在台灣經濟發展過程中，一直伴演著舉足輕重的角色，除做為匯集民眾儲蓄及企業投資重要管道之外，更是國家經濟及支持產業發展重要支柱力量。其經營績效表現與經濟成長也有密不可分的關係。
根據全球知名企管顧問公司「麥肯錫」近期研究調查，發現台灣的公股銀行在存放款等傳統業務市占率達五成，但是在「稅後淨利」與營業「淨收益」的市場占有率卻不到四成，無法交出等比例的獲利成績單，引發台灣產官學界廣泛的討論，難道公股銀行的經營能力真的不及民營銀行。事實上，民營銀行早預期國際金融環境趨勢轉變，積極發展財富管理與消費金融等非利收業務。主要業務部門重新建構後的結果，成功反映在資產報酬率及股東權益報酬率。
台灣經濟近幾年似乎遇到成長停滯的瓶頸，為了重返高峰，需要政府與民間企業共同戮力發展如「五＋二」的創新產業。但是新興產業的發展，往往也伴隨著高風險，為了協助產業找到前期投資及融資資金挹注，這時候就需要藉助公股銀行挺企業的功能 。目前台灣八大公股行庫中如兆豐銀行、合作金庫、第一銀行、華南銀行、彰化銀行及台灣中小企業銀行等六大行庫，實際上已是民營化上市公司。這些泛公股銀行，同時需要配合國家產業政策發展，又需要兼顧與股東交代的獲利成績，立場真的很為難。本研究的個案銀行，處於這樣的角色期待下，該如何逐步達成其成為泛太平洋區域性銀行的願景目標。
本研究首先介紹個案公股銀行成立背景，接著分析產業現有市場機會，再透過SWOT分析及五力分析，找到個案銀行的競爭優勢。並參考國際上大型國有銀行的轉型案例，評估個案銀行海外發展、財富管理及金融創新業務機會，希望可以提供個案銀行未來轉型經營策略之參考。;The banking industry has been playing an important role in Taiwan’s economic development. Not only serves it as an important channel to collect people’s saving and corporate investments, but also it has significant importance in supporting our country’s economy and industrial development. Furthermore, the operating performance thereof is closely related to economic growth.
A research investigation recently conducted by McKinsey & Company, a globally known business consultant company, indicates that the deposits in Taiwan’s state-owned banks count about 50% of traditional banking business, whereas the total of “net income after tax” and “net profit” is less than 40% with a disproportional profit rate. This has been widely discussed in Taiwan’s industrial, governmental and academic circles with a question mark: “Is the operating capacity of state-owned banks really beyond private banks?” As the matter of fact, private banks have forecasted the changes of international financial environment and trends; and therefore actively promoted non-interest income business such as financial management and consumer finance long time ago. The results of having major business departments constructed are reflected in return on assets (ROA) and return on equity (ROE).
In recent years, Taiwan’s economy seems to have reached the bottleneck of growth. To go back to the peak, the government and private companies shall join hands to develop and implement, for example, the 5+2 Industrial Innovation Plan. Nevertheless, the development of emerging industry usually accompanies high risks. To assist industries in finding preliminary investment and financing funds, the assistance from state-owned banks will be required. At the moment, six out of Taiwan’s eight major state-owned banks, such as Mega Bank, Taiwan Cooperative Bank (TCB), First Bank, Hua Nan Bank, Chang Hwa Bank and Taiwan Business Bank, are actually listed privatized companies. These government-invested banks are actually in a quite difficult position as they need not only to follow national industrial policy, but also to give consideration to the profits and have them reported to shareholders. It is therefore interesting to know how our study object can gradually reach its objective of becoming a regional bank of Pacific Ocean with such expectation.
This study firstly introduces the background of this state-owned company, and then analyzes current market opportunities of the banking industry. Then, through SWOT and five-force analyses, find competitive advantages of the study object. Furthermore, by studying the transformation of large-size state-own banks around the world, study object’s opportunities for developing overseas business activities, wealth management and financial innovations are evaluated. It is expected that this study and results thereof will be offered to the study object as a reference for future transformation. |
