儘管兩性平權、保障女性權益之議題早已受關注，且一向被列於聯合國之重點發展項目，然而聯合國經濟及社會理事會於2015年發布「千禧年發展目標」最終成果評估報告中承認，該目標中最明顯的失敗即為性別平等議題，並於2016年發布之報告中指出女性擔任負責人之比例、經營之企業規模及取得商業資源管道相較於男性遠遠落後；而女性於經營企業時在信用貸款、資源及資產之取得上尤為不易。 本文以31個國家2012年至2016年Panel Data資料，採用合併迴歸模型（Pooled Regression）及隨機效果模型（Random Effect model）進行估計，實證分析影響女性新創企業密度之商業環境及政策因素。實證結果顯示，在OLS模型下整體經商政策及環境、開辦企業政策、財產登記政策及信貸政策為影響女性新創企業密度的重要因素。若採用隨機效果模型，則僅財產登記政策對女性新創企業密度維持其顯著的影響性。 ;While the world has achieved progress towards gender equality and women’s empowerment under the Millennium Development Goals, women and girls continue to suffer discrimination and violence in every part of the world, according to United Nations Economic and Social Council (ECOSOC). Report released in 2016 claimed that the proportion of female account holders, the size of business, and access to obtaining commercial resources are far behind than that of men. Moreover, women are particularly difficult to obtain credit loans, resources and assets when they operate businesses. This thesis aims to analyze the factors- business environment and policy factors- that influence density of female entrepreneurship, using the pooling regression model and random effects model based on a panel dataset of 31 countries from 2012 to 2015. Results show that having comprehensive property registration systems has positive correlation with density of female entrepreneurship under random effects model, while business environment, start-up policies, credit policies show positive correlation under the pooling model, but lack of statistical significance under the random effect model.
