本研究利用G20經濟體的43個國家1990至2014年間之縱橫資料(panel data)，在控制總人口數、人均GDP、能源密集度、再生能源、工業化、外人直接投資，及貿易開放等國家特性變數對二氧化碳排放的影響下，探討國際協議、碳定價等制度性因素對二氧化碳排放之影響。 二氧化碳排放及國家特性變數資料係由世界銀行的世界發展指標(World Development Indicators, WDI)資料庫取得，同時，依據世界銀行的碳定價儀表板(Carbon Pricing Dashboard)資料庫、聯合國條約資料庫(United Nations Treaty Collection)與京都議定書規範，設定制度性因素的虛擬變數。 本研究的實證結果指出，參與京都議定書、實施碳稅及碳交易政策，對二氧化碳排放均具有顯著的負向影響。 ;This paper uses a panel data consisting of 43 countries in G20 over the period 1990-2014. To investigate the impact of institutional factors such as international agreements and carbon pricing on carbon dioxide emissions, the paper controls the effects of national characteristics variables on carbon dioxide emissions. e.g. total population, GDP per capita, energy intensity, renewable energy, industrialization, foreign direct investment, and trade openness. The data of carbon dioxide emissions and national characteristics variables are obtained from the World Bank′s World Development Indicators (WDI) database. The paper also sets dummy variables of institutional factors according to the World Bank′s Carbon Pricing Dashboard database, the United Nations Treaty Collection and the Kyoto Protocol. The empirical results indicate that participation in the Kyoto Protocol, implementation of carbon taxes and carbon emission trading system have a significant negative impact on carbon dioxide emissions.
