| 摘要: | 吾面對化生放核 狀況，當以預警、防護、偵檢、消除、救護等程序應處，其中預警乃重中之重，而面對具有窮人原子彈之稱的化學戰劑，更需要仰賴預警裝備在最前線替部隊把關，然國軍現役M8A1毒氣警報器及GID-3化學警報器兩種預警裝備皆運用放射性物質來使氣體離子化的方式以偵檢化學物質，因裝備含有放射性物質，可能使操作人員曝露於放射性自發衰變伴隨產生的游離輻射，故須進行劑量評估，以確保操作人員的安全，本研究在預警裝備表面、裝備庫房、實驗室等處使用光刺激發光劑量計(OSLD)進行劑量評估作業，測量年法定工時2000小時下的輻射曝露量，並與部隊駐地訓練、專業專長訓練、基地測考、演習、裝備保養維護等會操作預警裝備的時數進行分析，探討操作時數與法定劑量限度之間的關係，以確保操作毒氣警報器人員的輻射曝露是在法定的劑量限度內，經監測評估，M8A1毒氣警報器裝備表面輻射劑量率為0.59μSv/h，GID-3化學警報器表面輻射劑量率為0.12μSv/h，依訓練計畫每年操作預警裝備時數達1376.5小時，再與回散射的差異量計算後，每年累積劑量為905.3μSv及184.1μSv，皆低於法定輻射作業對一般人之年劑量限度1000μSv，因此，經評估後操作預警裝備人員無需進行個別劑量監測及特殊作業體檢，但依法仍須接受以訓練取代輻射安全證書之訓練，此舉可大幅降低國軍在操作預警裝備對輻射防護作為上的經費支出及減少安全管制作業時間，使部隊有更多時間致力於戰備及訓練本務，以遂行國土防衛之重責大任。;In the CBRN (chemical, biological, radiological and nuclear) environment, the response measures early warning, protection, reconnaissance, decontamination, and first aid. Among all the measures, early warning is the most important of all. While facing the so-called poor man’s atomic bomb-chemical warfare agents, troops in the front line rely heavily on alarming equipment as their early warning measures. However, both M8A1 and GID-3 alarming equipment, currently serve in ROC armed forces, are using radioactive materials to ionize incoming gas to detect chemical warfare agents and chemical substances. The ionizing radiation generated by the radioactive materials can be a potential harm for the alarming equipment operators. Thus, we must measure and assess their radiation doses to ensure operators’ safety. This study uses optically stimulated luminescence dosimeters (OSLDs) which are placed on the surface of equipment and in the storage unit to measure the cumulative dose over 2000 hours, which is the annual legal working hours in Taiwan. Also, all the annual military routine activities that require alarm equipment to be operated for long hours such as unit trainings, professional expertise trainings, evaluations, military exercise, and equipment maintenance are considered and the total operation hours to make sure that operators are in the safe environment. After continuously monitoring M8A1 and GID-3 for 2000 hours, the average dose rates of two equipments are 0.59 μSv/h and 0.12 μSv/h respectively. Since the total operation time of the annual military routine activities is 1376.5 hours, annual cumulative doses for the operators are 905.3 μSv and 184.1 μSv, which are lower than the legal annual dose limit (1000 μSv). Hence, there is no need to implement special medical examinations or individual radiation dose monitoring. In conclusion, both M8A1 and GID-3 alarming equipment are safe enough for operators to implement in various annual military routine trainings. |
