全世界有一半的人口居住在城市，城市物流(city logistics)的主要任務便是如何將實體貨物由城市物流中心(city distribution center) 以最符合城市利益的方式送達位於都市中的最終需求顧客；其所涉及的問題是在一個城市的地理範圍內，如何有效配置運輸車輛，在一定時限內，進行多需求點的貨物配送，以期提昇城市居民的居住福利與生活品質。近年來，隨著智慧城市(smart city)觀念的興起，應用電動車作為城市物流中貨物配送的交通載具已成為許多先進城市的選項之一。將車輛途程模型應用於區域物流至今已發展出數種不同的規劃方法，如考慮多車種、加油站地理分佈、時窗限制等，然而，這些以「區域」物流情境為基礎的規劃方法未必能充份套用到城市物流的所有特性。再者，「電動車」在能源補給、運作方式和使用限制上與一般傳統車輛多有不同，若逕以使用燃油車的傳統車輛途程問題模型進行物流路線規劃，會導致其結果與實際使用電動車的情形有所偏差。承上之故，本研究擬對單一城市的城市物流體系，在使用電動車為運輸載具的情境下，發展出一套能同時考量到「配送效率」及「充電限制」的物流配送途程方法。此一方法建構在城市物流配送網路模型的基礎上，加入電動車的技術特性、電動車最大行駛距離、充電速率等技術影響因素，嚐試在種種限制條件之下發展一套演算法求取最適的物流配送計劃。研究結果將以啟發式演算法的型式呈現，並且以各種不同規模大小的城市物流網路規模、不同的電動車效能等條件下進行測試，進而以計劃品質與運算效率等兩個觀點進行分析。 ;The concept of city logistics is to deliver physical goods from city distribution center to final customer in the city by using most suitable way to meet city utmost benefit. The issues involved are how to effectively use transport vehicles to deliver goods to multiple demand points within a certain geographical scope and certain time window so as to enhance the welfare and living quality of urban residents. In recent years, with the rise of the smart city concept, the application of electric vehicles as a transportation vehicle for distributing goods in city logistics has become one of the options in many advanced cities.Although the application of vehicle routing in regional logistics has been developed various planning models, such as multi-vehicle types, time-window constraints, allocations of gas stations, etc. However, these planning methods based on "regional" logistics scenarios are not necessarily fully consider on all the features of city logistics. Moreover, electric vehicles in the energy supply, mode of operation and restrictions are quite different from the use of traditional vehicles. If one uses the traditional models of fuel vehicles to carry out the logistics route planning, the results will cause a big deviation with the actual evidences of electric vehicles.Therefore, this study will develop a distribution planning method that considers the "vehicle routing" and "cars charging" on a single city logistics system which uses electric vehicles as a delivery vehicle. This method is based on the model of city logistics and distribution network, and adds the decision-making factors such as the technical characteristics of electric vehicles, charging rate and the maximum distance traveled by electric vehicles, and tries to develop a set of planning algorithms under various constraints to find the optimum goods delivery route combination. The results will be presented as heuristic algorithms and will be tested and verified on street contexts in Taoyuan, Taiwan.
