| 摘要: | 過去人類著重於經濟上的發展，大量燃燒化石燃料、過度開墾樹林及工業的大量拓展，導致溫室氣體濃度逐漸上升，人類面臨了全球暖化帶來的危害。為解決此一問題，各國制定了相關協議，期望能於經濟、環境、社會三構面達成平衡，以永續發展作為最大目標。為降低二氧化碳的排放，使用再生能源取代原有電力來源成了一有效方法，其中又以太陽能為發展主力，由於其取之不盡用之不竭、只要照得到陽光皆可隨處裝設等優勢及便利性，使其成長及裝置量大幅領先其它再生能源。隨著太陽能產業的快速發展，損壞或廢棄的太陽能板該如何處置成為一大隱憂，若未妥善處理，將產生大量廢棄物，且太陽能電池亦可能破裂導致環境汙染。太陽能板平均使用年限為20年，過去因著政府推動，國內裝設量逐年增加，將來勢必出現大量廢棄太陽能板，然而當前台灣於太陽能板回收政策的制定才剛起步，且尚未設立獨立處理廠，導致回收方式僅以機械粉碎方法處理，降低其中貴重金屬的回收價值與資源浪費。
基於上述因素，本研究以台灣地區太陽能板回收流程作為研究範圍，並將著重於獨立太陽能板回收處理廠的設立，透過成本效益分析方法，列出相關成本及效益項目，評估其經濟可行性，鼓勵企業廠商的投入。研究結果顯示，太陽能板回收處理之單位回收成本為25,095元/公噸，單位回收效益為29,533元/公噸，單位淨效益為4,438元/公噸；以經濟角度分析，淨現值（NPV）為246,262,361元，益本比（BCR）為1.07。該結果表明，儘管設立太陽能板處理廠有其效益，然而若要讓企業保持正常運作，須提升政府預收費用占比0.1%，方能使益本比達預期標準。此研究結果鼓勵企業及政府可投入處理廠的建置，讓太陽能板產業達到真正的永續經營。
;In the past, human beings focused on economic development, burning fossil fuels, over-cultivated forests, and large-scale industrial expansion, leading to a gradual increase in the concentration of greenhouse gases, and human beings are facing the harm caused by global warming. In order to solve this problem, various countries have formulated relevant agreements to achieve a balance between the three dimensions of economy, environment and society, with sustainable development as the biggest goal. In order to reduce carbon dioxide emissions, the use of renewable energy to replace the original source of electricity has become an effective method. Among them, solar energy is the main development force. Because of its inexhaustible availability, it can be installed anywhere as long as the sun is available. And convenience, so that its growth and installation volume are significantly ahead of other renewable energy sources. With the rapid development of the solar energy industry, how to dispose of damaged or abandoned solar panels has become a major concern. If not properly disposed of, a large amount of waste will be generated, and solar cells may also rupture and cause pollution. The average service life of solar panels is 20 years. In the past, due to the government′s promotion, domestic installations have increased year by year. In the future, a large number of waste solar panels will inevitably appear. However, the formulation of solar panel recycling policies in Taiwan has just started and no independent treatment plant has been established yet. As a result, the current recycling method only uses pulverization, which reduces the recycling value of precious metals and waste of resources.
Based on the above factors, this study takes the solar panel recycling process in Taiwan as the research scope, and will focus on independent solar panel recycling and processing plants. Through cost-benefit analysis methods, the economic feasibility will be evaluated and the investment of enterprises and manufacturers will be encouraged. The research results show that the unit recovery cost of solar panel recycling is NTD 25,095 per ton, the unit recovery benefit is NTD 29,533 per ton, and the unit net benefit is NTD 4,438 per ton. From an economic point of view, the net present value (NPV) is NTD 246,262,361. The benefit cost ratio (BCR) is 1.07. The result shows that, despite its benefits, if the company is to maintain normal operations, the government’s pre-charge ratio must be increased by 0.1% to make the benefit cost ratio reach the expected standard. The results of this study encourage companies and governments to invest in the construction of treatment plants, so that the solar panel industry can achieve a truly sustainable operation. |
