從社會資本觀點探討知識外溢與組織同形-以孵化器為例;An Investigation of Knowledge Spillover and Organizational Isomorphism by Applying Concepts of Social Capital：Taking the Incubator as an Example

NCUIR > School of Management at National Central University > Executive Master of Business Administration > Electronic Thesis & Dissertation > Item 987654321/85920

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Title:	從社會資本觀點探討知識外溢與組織同形-以孵化器為例;An Investigation of Knowledge Spillover and Organizational Isomorphism by Applying Concepts of Social Capital：Taking the Incubator as an Example
Authors:	曹蕙讌;Tsao, Hui-Yen
Contributors:	企業管理學系在職專班
Keywords:	孵化器;社會資本;知識外溢;組織同形;模仿力;偏最小平方法;Incubator;Social Capital;Knowledge Spillover;Organizational Isomorphism;Mimetic Forces;Partial Least Squares
Date:	2021-08-19
Issue Date:	2021-12-07 11:42:17 (UTC+8)
Publisher:	國立中央大學
Abstract:	創業是一國經濟發展與產業創新的原動力，而初創企業往往面臨資源有限的情況，因此發展出幫助新創企業孕育成長的最佳環境—孵化器，致力於提供完整的創業資源，加速新創創業的過程。有鑑於此，本研究以進駐孵化器的新創公司為對象，透過社會資本了解在社會互動下所累積的有形和無形資源，對於知識外溢與組織同形的相關議題。本研究主要以Nahapiet and Ghoshal(1998)所提出的社會資本的三個構面(結構資本、關係資本和認知資本)來探討在孵化器的環境中，各構面對於新創公司之間發生知識外溢的可能性，以及構面彼此之間的相互關係；其次，檢視知識外溢對於組織同形是否有顯著的影響效果；最後，探討模仿力是否對知識外溢與組織同形有調節效果。在實證研究方面，以進駐孵化器之新創公司為研究對象，採用紙本和線上問卷調查法，總計蒐集176份有效問卷，經過信效度分析後，應用偏最小平方法(PLS)加以驗證。實證所得的結果共有四點：(1)社會資本的形塑過程中，結構資本和認知資本會正向影響知識外溢，惟關係資本無顯著影響，推測與進駐孵化器的時間、進駐性質有關；(2)結構資本能藉由關係資本與認知資本活絡孵化器的網絡環境，帶來正向的效益；(3)孵化器產生的知識外溢與關係資本會正向影響組織同形效果；(4)模仿力對知識外溢與組織同形之調節效果不顯著，推測執行模仿策略必須具備複雜的吸收能力與整合能力。對於實證結果之管理意涵，以孵化器而言，建議掌握社會資本所帶來的知識外溢效益，並持續強化已建立的網絡連結關係，以確保孵化器環境持續蘊含知識外溢的優勢；以新創公司而言，在選擇孵化器時，應審慎評估資源擷取的合適性與多元性，因孵化器環境所帶來的組織同形效益相當顯著，建議優先以認知資本為考量並審視孵化器過往的輔導案例與經驗是否適合自身發展，同時需要理解模仿行為，將其吸收、整合與內化，來達到有效率的模仿成效。 ;Entrepreneurship is a driving power for a country to grow the economic development and inspire the industrial innovation. Therefore, the government has designed a best environment for new startups to nurture and grow—incubator, an institution dedicated to providing complete entrepreneurial resources and to accelerate business start-up process. In the point of view, this research targets on start-up companies stationed in the incubator. Though the conceptual of social capital, we present the tangible and intangible resources accumulated by social interaction, and the issues related to knowledge spillover and organizational isomorphism. This article mainly adopts the three-dimension of social capital (structural, relational, and cognitive dimensions) proposed by Nahapiet and Ghoshal (1998) to explore the incubator environment, where each dimension has impact to the knowledge spillovers among startups, and the relationship to the others. Secondly, we examined whether knowledge spillover has a significant effect on organizational isomorphism. Finally, we discuss the moderating effect of the mimetic forces between knowledge spillover and organizational isomorphism. We collected 176 valid questionnaires from start-up companies stationed in incubators in Taiwan through paper and online survey. We adopted Partial Least Squares (PLS) to exam the hypotheses. The result shows four points: (1) Structural capital and cognitive capital has positive affect on knowledge spillover among startups while relational capital has no significant effect on that. (2) Structural capital and has significant positive affect on relational and cognitive capital. (3) Relational capital and knowledge spillover both has positive effect on organizational isomorphism. (4) The moderating effect of mimetic forces shows insignificant impact between knowledge spillover and organizational isomorphism. This study suggests that incubator managers should understand the benefits of knowledge spillover brought by social capital, and continue to strengthen the established social network to keep knowledge spillover effective. For start-up companies, we suggest that new startups should carefully choose their incubators since the organizational isomorphism caused by incubators is significant. The startups should evaluate the incubator′s cognitive capital and review the counseling cases whether the environment of the incubator is suitable for their own development. It is also necessary to understand imitation behavior and absorption to achieve efficient imitation results.
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