| 摘要: | 軌道運輸由於建設經費龐大，多由政府興建，但為考量運作之彈性及最佳化，因此常委由民間單位經營營運；以政府而言，解決交通問題、提高民眾使用率等為建設之目的；以民眾而言，價格、班距、旅行時間及可及性為重要考量；以企業而言，獲利及永續經營為企業存續之目標；企業經營績效之提升則成為重要之議題。
本研究希望透過三階段資料包絡分析法(Data Envelopment Analysis, DEA)，探討國際地鐵聯盟(Community of Metros International Railway Benchmarking Group, CoMET)成員國中，具經營機場聯外運輸系統公司(含國內共10家)之經營績效分析，並以隨機邊界分析法 (Stochastic Frontier Analysis, SFA)分析去除環境因素之干擾；投入項選擇員工人數及營業支出，產出項選擇運量及營業收入，環境變數為都市人口數、都市人口密度及國民生產毛額。調整前及調整後皆相對有效率(Relative Efficiency)之公司有香港地鐵、東京地鐵、紐約地鐵、桃園捷運及台北捷運。
綜合分析結論桃園捷運純技術效率於各公司比較時，屬於相對有效率，但生產效率差應為規模效率低所導致，可能雖仍於營運初期，於培養國內民眾使用及外國旅客宣導上仍有進步。另其總生產效率雖相對較低，但其被相對無效率之受評/決策單位(Decision Marking Units, DMUs)作為改善參考之依據頻率最多，表示其在績效上有較好之表現，並於效率評量上有較大之貢獻。;Railroad infrastructure is mainly built by the government due to its hefty construction cost, but it usually would be transferred to privatization in considerations of flexibility and profitization. It is designed for different bases: for public, fare, headway, travel time and accessibility is crucial; for corporates, good bargain and sustainability is the core value, and for the government, smooth traffic and high usage rate is the first priority.
For better understanding of the performance and efficiency of railway companies, this thesis selected Taoyuan Metro and other 9 CoMET(Community of Metros International Railway Benchmarking Group) members, especially those operating airport express as research target, and analyzed them by using three-stage DEA (Data Envelopment Analysis) and SFA (Stochastic Frontier Analysis). It turned out that railway companies including Hong Kong Metro(MTR), Tokyo Metro, New York Metro(MTA), Taoyuan Metro and Taipei Metro were relatively efficient under the circumstances of input (number of employee and expense), output (ridership and revenue) and environment variable (urban population, urban population density and GDP).
In conclusion, Taoyuan Metro was more technically efficient but with poor productivity than others, and it probably could attribute to its poor publicity among domestic passengers and foreign travelers since it was a relatively young railway company commencing operation on March 2nd, 2017. Otherwise, its overall efficiency is relatively low, it is frequently used as a reference for improvement by relatively inefficient Decision Marking Units(DMUs), indicating that it has a good than others in performance and has a greater contribution to efficiency evaluation. |
