| 摘要: | 航空運輸業為高度管制事業，然隨著歐美開放天空協議後，全球航空運輸市場逐步走向自由化、區域市場化、跨國聯盟化的發展浪潮。航空運輸業基於經濟性因素，常透過策略聯盟或簽定各種聯營協議，藉以加強或鞏固其自身在競爭日益激烈的航空競爭市場中的市場地位。因此，航空公司間之合作逐漸從傳統單一航線的共享資源走向策略聯盟，透過彼此的合作策略聯盟，才能達到互利雙贏。
但因航空策略聯盟之合作形式，涉及公平交易法結合、聯合行為及例外許可之管制，而全球三大傳統型航空聯盟—星空聯盟(Star Alliance)、天合聯盟(SkyTeam)、寰宇一家(Oneworld)，以及二個低成本航空聯盟—價值聯盟(Value Alliance)及優行聯盟(U-Fly Alliance)，不僅整合提供了全球或區域型的航空網絡，加強國際聯繫，共用維修設施、運作設備、職員，相互支援地勤與空廚作業以減低成本，使乘客享有更低價購買機票、航班時間更具彈性等諸多利益，惟航空聯盟帶來經濟效益之同時，亦因聯盟合作項目日益廣泛、整合程度日益提高，使得傳統個別航空運輸事業間之競爭逐漸轉變成聯盟間之競爭，聯盟成員彼此間因有共同利益而缺乏競爭之誘因，進而使得航空聯盟之相關營運行為極易產生反競爭之效果，而有減損航空運輸服務市場之公平競爭及損害消費者權益之疑慮。又航空策略聯盟之合作形式在行為管制上應如何評價其對市場競爭程度之影響，是否能將合作行為類型化，頗值得思考。
是故，本文主要從競爭法結合、聯合行為管制的觀點切入，藉由對歐美航空運輸業產業政策與競爭政策之管制規定，以及國際航空運輸業及航空策略聯盟合作形式的觀察，並透過歐美及我國過往處理航空策略聯盟之實務經驗作有系統的分析與整?，進行外國法比較研究及案例分析，據以評估競爭法執行機關對於航空策略聯盟相關營運行為所應採取之管制措施，最後提出對我國航空運輸業策略聯盟的競爭規範建議。
;The air transport industry is a highly regulated business. However, following the European and American Open Skies Agreement, the global air transport market is gradually moving towards a wave of development of liberalization, regional marketization, and transnational alliances. Based on economic factors, the air transportation industry often strengthens or consolidates its market position in the increasingly competitive aviation competition market through strategic alliances or signing various joint venture agreements. Therefore, the cooperation between airlines has gradually shifted from the traditional shared resources of a single route to a strategic alliance. Only through mutual cooperation and strategic alliance can mutual benefit and win-win be achieved.
However, due to the cooperation form of the aviation strategic alliance, it involves the combination of fair trade law, joint behavior and the control of exception permission, and the three traditional aviation alliances in the world—Star Alliance, SkyTeam, and Oneworld ), and two low-cost airline alliances—Value Alliance and U-Fly Alliance, which not only integrate and provide global or regional aviation networks, but also strengthen international connections, share maintenance facilities, operating equipment, The staff support each other for ground handling and transport catering operations to reduce costs, so that passengers can enjoy many benefits such as buying tickets at lower prices and more flexible flight times. However, while the airline alliance brings economic benefits, it is also due to the increasingly extensive and integrated cooperation projects of the alliance. The increasing degree has gradually transformed the competition between the traditional individual air transport businesses into the competition between alliances. The members of the alliance lack incentives to compete because of common benefits, which makes the relevant operating behaviors of the aviation alliances easy to produce anti-competitive effects. And there are doubts about detracting from fair competition in the air transport service market and harming consumer rights. In addition, it is worth thinking about how the cooperative form of aviation strategic alliance should evaluate its influence on the degree of market competition in terms of behavior control, and whether the cooperative behavior can be categorized.
Therefore, this article mainly cuts in from the viewpoint of the integration of competition law and joint behavior control, through the observation of the European and American air transport industry policies and competition policies, as well as the observation of the form of cooperation between the international air transport industry and aviation strategic alliances, and through Europe and the United States. And my country’s past practical experience in handling aviation strategic alliances to systematically analyze and collate foreign law comparative studies and case studies to evaluate the control measures that competition law enforcement agencies should take with respect to aviation strategic alliances’ operating behaviors, and finally propose Suggestions on competition regulations for the strategic alliance of my country′s air transportation industry. |
