| 摘要: | 鋰離子電池(Lithium Ion Battery, LIB)作為一種新興的二次能源系統，因其高能量密度、長循環壽命和優異的安全性能而被廣泛應用。這些電池在電子產品如智能手機、筆記本電腦和其他便攜設備中占有重要地位。此外，隨著電動車市場的快速增長，鋰離子電池已成為電動車的主要動力來源。隨著時間的推移，老舊的鋰離子電池逐漸達到其循環壽命的終點，隨之而來的是大量的鋰離子電池廢棄物產生，隨著電子產品和電動車的不斷普及，鋰離子電池的需求只會持續增長，這也導致了報廢電池數量的增加。這些廢棄電池含有大量有價值的金屬，如鋰、鈷、鎳等，如果不加以回收再利用，不僅會造成資源浪費，還會對環境造成潛在危害，因此鋰離子電池廢棄物的處理和回收，成為一個迫切解決的重要環保問題。
本研究致力於開發同時具有高效率及環保性的濕式冶金方法來進行鋰離子電池正極材料之回收，以亞臨界醋酸浸出對鋰鎳鈷鋁氧化物(NCA)進行回收，透過實驗確定了最佳反應條件為溫度180℃、6M醋酸、固液比30g/L、反應時間4小時，可得到96%以上的Al、Co、Li、Ni浸出效率，後續將回收後所得到之金屬分別以水熱法及真空雷射鹽類還原法兩種方法，再利用於合成水電解產氫製程中所使用之三元鐵鎳鈷催化劑泡沫鎳電極，在循環伏安法測定中獲得最佳起始電位1.359V，且在固定電流密度100mA/cm2的計時電位法測定500小時後電壓只上升了0.07V，顯示了優異的電化學性能及穩定性，也顯示了回收的廢棄鋰離子電池正極材料金屬在循環利用上有非常高的未來發展性與應用潛力。;Lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) are an emerging secondary energy system widely used due to their high energy density, long cycle life, and excellent safety performance. These batteries play a crucial role in electronic products such as smartphones, laptops, and other portable devices. Furthermore, with the rapid growth of the electric vehicle (EV) market, LIBs have become the primary power source for EVs. Over time, as old lithium-ion batteries reach the end of their cycle life, a significant amount of LIB waste is generated. With the continued proliferation of electronic products and EVs, the demand for lithium-ion batteries will only increase, leading to a corresponding rise in the number of discarded batteries. These waste batteries contain valuable metals such as lithium, cobalt, and nickel. If not properly recycled, it will result in resource wastage and pose potential environmental hazards. Therefore, the treatment and recycling of lithium-ion battery waste have become urgent and critical environmental issues.
This study aims to develop an efficient and environmentally friendly hydrometallurgical method for the recovery of cathode materials from LIBs. Subcritical acetic acid leaching was used to recover lithium nickel cobalt aluminum oxide (NCA). Through experiments, the optimal reaction conditions were determined to be a temperature of 180°C, 6M acetic acid, a solid-liquid ratio of 30g/L, and a reaction time of 4 hours, achieving leaching efficiencies of over 96% for Al, Co, Li, and Ni. The recovered metals were then used to synthesize ternary iron-nickel-cobalt catalysts on nickel foam electrodes for hydrogen production via water electrolysis, using hydrothermal and vacuum laser salt reduction methods. Cyclic voltammetry measurements showed an optimal onset potential of 1.359V, and chronoamperometry at a fixed current density of 100mA/cm² demonstrated that the voltage increased by only 0.07V after 500 hours, indicating excellent electrochemical performance and stability. This also highlights the significant future development potential and application prospects for recycled metals from spent lithium-ion battery cathode materials. |
