目前光纖網路應用在高速和長程傳輸通訊已經變成一個主要的趨勢。今日，高速率光纖傳輸標準主要是依循SONET標準。骨幹網路中OC-192 SONET的傳輸速率接近10Gbps，該速率可望很快在骨幹網路中普及並應用在終端網路之中。同時隨著高速光纖傳輸網的推廣，每個關鍵元件的價格與功率開始受到關注，高頻寬光通訊網路的一個關鍵元件是收發機。我們的目的便在於開發適用於SONET OC-192收發器之時脈產生電路和時脈與資料回復電路。在傳送端，經過編碼的資料信號需經由多工器將低速之並列信號轉成一高速串列信號，因此需一時脈產生電路產生所需之高速時脈信號對信號源取樣。在接收端，資料與時脈回復電路必須擷取NRZ信號之頻率與相位，並據此產生精準之時脈信號以對輸入信號進行取樣，以降低接收信號之錯誤產生率。 時脈產生電路之主要實現方式為鎖相迴路式之頻率合成器，主要目的在提供多工器一個資料取樣之參考信號源，其功能依據SONET OC-192所確立之標準，由一622.08MHz本地振盪源經頻率合成達到一9.9533GHz之輸出參考信號。同時為達到廣泛之應用，壓控振盪器之輸出頻段將包含在10Gb/s附近之各種通訊標準。此電路採用TSMC 0.35μm SiGe BiCMOS製程技術，操作電壓為3.3V。其中一個單獨之10GHz除頻器已經由設計並驗證可操作頻段為500MHz ~ 9.1GHz，晶片面積約1毫米×0.8毫米，同時消耗功率78.7毫瓦。此除頻器將可應用於產生降頻之時脈信號，以作為序列至並列信號轉換與解多工器之用，或應用於10GHz之頻率合成器。本論文所提出之頻率合成器為全差動式，具有改善相位雜訊與排除電源雜訊之優點。其晶片面積約2毫米×1毫米，同時消耗功率230.4毫瓦。 鎖相迴路式資料回復電路兼具高頻操作與易於積體電路化之優點，同時可藉由相頻偵測器之自我修正達成時脈與資料之自行校準到位，因此傳統上高頻之資料與時脈回復電路多採鎖相迴路式架構。本論文實現一個無須參考信號之鎖相迴路式高速時脈與資料回復電路。本電路使用二位元式相位比較器，因此傳統鎖相迴路線性模型將不適於此。一個適用於二位元式資料與時脈回復電路之線性模型在本論文中提出，藉此設計一個符合SONET OC-192所規定雜訊抖動標準之資料與時脈回復電路。此電路亦採用TSMC 0.35μm SiGe BiCMOS製程技術，操作電壓為3.3V。其架構為全差動式，同時輸出頻段也將包含在10Gb/s附近之各種通訊標準。系統之迴路頻寬為4.18MHz、抖動峰值為0dB、抖動產生的峰對峰值約為5ps，達到OC-192所規定雜訊抖動標準，整體晶片消耗功率約589.1毫瓦。 The optical network applies in the high-speed and long-haul communications has become a major trend presently. Today, the highest speed for wired data communication is reached using optical fiber transmission operating in accordance with the SONET (Synchronous Optical Networking Standards) standards. The data rate of the SONET OC-192 is close to 10Gb/s and it expects that the data rate of 10Gb/s will be universal in backbone network and applied in terminal networks. And the transceiver is the critical device in high-speed optical networks. The goal in the thesis is to develop a clock multiplier unit and clock/data recovery circuit that suit to the SNOCT OC-192 transceiver. At the transmitter end, the encoded parallel data must be transformed into serial signals by MUX and therefore a CMU is needed to generate a high-speed reference signal for parallel-to-serial data conversion and multiplexing. At the receiver end, a CDR circuit derives the input frequency and phase of the NRZ signals and generates a high precision clock to sample the incoming data so as to reduce the bit error rate. Clock multiplier Unit is accomplished by using PLL-based frequency synthesizer. The main goal is to generate a reference signal for multiplexer. Its function is to synthesize a 9.9533GHz output signal form a 622.08MHz reference source according to the SONET OC-192 standard. For various applications, the output frequency range of the oscillator covers that of various communication standards around 10Gb/s. The CMU circuit is fabricated in TSMC 0.35μm BiCMOS process and its operation voltage is 3.3V. An individual chip of 16:1 static frequency divider has been designed and demonstrated. Its operation range is 500 MHz ~ 9.1 GHz, chip size is 1 × 0.8 mm2, and power consumption is 78.7mW. It can be used to generate down-frequency clock signals for demultiplexer and used in frequency synthesizer. A fully differential clock multiplier unit presented in the thesis achieves improved levels of phase noise and supply rejection performance through the use of fully differential architecture. The CMU has a die size of 2.1 × 1.1 mm2 and consumes 230.4mW from 3.3 V. PLL-based CDRs are benefited from capabilities of high frequency operation and feasibility for monolithic integration. Moreover, the phase frequency detector can adjust the transition edge of the sampling clock and align to that of the input data. Therefore, conventionally, high frequency clock and data recovery circuits are of PLL based type. A PLL-based high-speed CDR circuit without reference signals is achieved in this thesis. Because the phase detector used in the CDR is binary type, the conventional linear model of the PLL does not fit it. A novel analytical linear model for the binary type CDR circuit is addressed. Then a CDR circuit that conforms to the SONET OC-192 jitter requirements is designed by it. The CDR circuit is fabricated in TSMC 0.35μm BiCMOS process and its operation voltage is 3.3V. The architecture of it is fully differential and the output frequency range covers that of various communication standards around 10Gb/s. Finally, the jitter bandwidth is 4.18MHz, jitter peaking is 0dB, and the jitter generation is about 5ps. The jitter performances of it suit the OC-192 jitter requirements and its power consumption is 589.1mW.
