| 摘要: | 近年來，由於資訊科技的迅速成長，新金融商品不斷地推陳出新，促使本國銀行將銀行、證券、保險、投資等多項業務結合經營，金融自由化、國際化、大型化及多角化已蔚為金融市場發展的趨勢。台灣金融產業自1991年開放新銀行成立以來，國內金融機構家數眾多競爭激烈，銀行逾放比率持續升高，獲利率下滑，銀行業面臨了極大的衝擊。政府有鑒於此，除了加強銀行業之資本適足率的風險控制與管理外，更鼓勵銀行間的併購及設立金融控股公司，以提昇銀行競爭力。 本研究以台灣地區本國35家銀行為樣本，並以1993年至2005年為期間，利用各銀行財務、業務的年資料，進行長期追蹤資料（Panel Data）的分析方法，探討本國銀行經營獲利績效之影響因素。 研究結論：一、全體銀行樣本的資本適足率、資產週轉率、非利息收入率及存放款利率差距率對於資產報酬率呈現正向且顯著的影響力，而催收比率與營業費用率對於資產報酬率則呈現反向且顯著的影響力。獨立銀行與全體銀行樣本的實證結果大部份是相同的，而唯一不同的地方，在於獨立銀行樣本的存放款比率對於資產報酬率具正向且顯著的影響力，而獨立銀行樣本的資本適足率對於資產報酬率則無影響力。二、全體銀行與獨立銀行樣本的非利息收入率及存放款利率差距率對於稅前淨利率具正向且顯著的影響力，而營業費用率則對於稅前淨利率則具反向且顯著的影響力。另獨立銀行樣本的存放款比率對於稅前淨利率亦具正向且顯著的影響力。三、金控子銀行樣本的總資產規模對於資產報酬率及稅前淨利率呈現正向且顯著的影響力，而負債對淨值比率，與營業費用率對於資產報酬率及稅前淨利率，則呈現反向且顯著的影響力。本研究的實證發現，可提供政府金融主管機關及銀行管理者作為監理及決策之參考，及存款人及投資大眾在評選銀行時之依據。 Recently, due to the rapid development of information technology, new financial products have been increasing introduced. It urged a new financial business which combined banking, stocks and bonds, insurance and investment. The liberalization, globalization, large-scale, and diversification of banking has been a trend. Since the financial industry in Taiwan opened up the establishment of new banks in 1991, the competition among the numerous financial institutes has become intensive. the non-performing loan ratio is increasingly getting high and the profits are getting low. Banks are faced with a great impact. In view of the situation, the government urged the merge of the banks and the establishment of financial holding companies to enhance the competitive strength of the banks. This research applied Panel Data method with samples of 35 local banks in Taiwan to do the empirical investigation. To figure out the elements which affects the profitability performance of the banks, it utilized and analyzed each bank’s finance, service year material from 1993 to 2005. The conclusions of this research are as follows. First, for the sample of all the banks, the capital adequacy ratio, the total assets turnover, non-interest income ratio and earning spread ratio are positively and significantly associated with the return on assets, while the non-performing loan ratio and the operating expenses ratio are negatively and significantly related to the return on assets. The sample of all banks and independent banks are mostly the same on real diagnosis result; the only difference is that the ratio of deposits to loans of the sample of independent banks is negatively and significantly related to the return on assets. However, for the sample of independent banks, the capital adequacy ratio does not have anything to do with return on assets. Secondly, for the sample of all the banks and independent banks, non-interest income ratio and earning spread ratio are positively and significantly related to the net income to operating revenue, while operating expenses ratio is negatively and significantly related to the net income to operating revenue. Besides, for the sample of independent banks, ratio of deposits to loans is positively and significantly associated with net income to operating revenue. Third, for the sample of financial holding company subsidiary banks, the scale of assets is positively and significantly related to return on assets and net income to operating revenue, while ratio liabilities to net equity and operating expenses ratio are negatively and significantly related to return on assets and net income to operating revenue. This research can provide the financial officials of the government and the executives of the banks with the information to make a financial policy and supervise the financial institutes. It can also provide the information to the investors and the depositors while they are choosing and evaluating a bank. |
