以兩張二維X光影像重建三維心血管模型的研究

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题名:	以兩張二維X光影像重建三維心血管模型的研究
作者:	蔡欣芮;Tsai, Hsin-Jui
贡献者:	機械工程學系
关键词:	冠狀動脈血管造影;血管分割;三維重建;Coronary Angiography;Vessel Segmentation;3D Reconstruction
日期:	2021-07-26
上传时间:	2021-12-07 13:24:07 (UTC+8)
出版者:	國立中央大學
摘要:	冠狀動脈血管攝影術是一種為了輔助心導管手術，以 X光拍攝心血管的一種成像技術，手術過程中醫生會拍攝大量 X光片，通常兩張正交 (AP、 LA方向 )的二維影像，透過兩張影像的位置關係以及經驗判斷，來確定導管在每個時候的位置是否正確，有時為了得到能清楚顯示血管結構的影像，必須要多次拍攝得到適當的影像。為了能提供醫師更直觀的血管流向資訊，並減少 X光的拍攝，在本研究中希望能建立一套以兩張二維 X光影像重建三維心臟血管模型的演算法，包含影像的前處理、取得兩張影像的對應點的方法最後計算出三維空間座標。影像前處理的部分，目的是為了將血管影像從背景中分割出來，其中包含去除雜訊、不均勻光線校正與影像強化對影像中血管區域細線化找出血管中心線，再使用中心線分岔點與基於對極幾何的方法找出對應點，最後計算出三維模型在空間中的位置。重建出的三維模型可提供心血管每個分支的走向與長度，協助醫師了解導管需前進的方向和距離，降低原本手術過程中須不斷拍攝 X光影像確認導管位置的需求。在驗證重建方法實驗中，使用 2D C-arm拍攝自製的心血管假體，獲得兩張 X光影像進行重建，並以手持驗證工具驗證重建出的空間位置的正確性，重建位置誤差約為 1.84mm，標準差 0.74mm。;Coronary angiography is an imaging technique that uses X-rays to photograph the cardiovascular system to assist in cardiac catheterization. During the operation, the doctor will take a large number of X-ray images, which are usually in two directions ( AP/LA direction). Through the positional relationship of the two images and empirical judgments, it is determined whether the catheter position is correct at each time. Sometimes in order to obtain an image that clearly shows the structure of the blood vessel, it is necessary to take multiple shots to obtain an appropriate image. To provide physicians with more intuitive blood vessel flow information and reduce X-ray shooting, in this study, we hope to establish an algorithm for reconstructing a three-dimensional heart vessel model from two two-dimensional X-ray images. The algorithm includes the pre-processing of the image, the method to obtain the corresponding points of the two images, and finally calculate the three-dimensional space coordinates. The purpose of the image pre-processing part is to segment the blood vessel image from the background, including noise removal, uneven light calibration, and enhancement filtering; Finding the centerlines of the vessel by image skeleton then can help to find the bifurcation points of the centerlines. Then calculate the corresponding point based on the epipolar geometry and finally measure the position of the three-dimensional model in space. In the experiment of verifying the reconstruction method, 2D C-arm was used to shoot the self-made cardiovascular prosthesis, two X-ray images were obtained for reconstruction, and the verification tool was held to verify the correctness of the reconstructed spatial position. The reconstruction position error is about 1.84mm, and the standard deviation is 0.74mm.
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