鈦擴散型鈮酸鋰波導絕熱耦合器作為電光寬頻 偏振態開關器之研究

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姓名

黃尼哥(Aloysius Niko) 查詢紙本館藏

畢業系所

光電科學與工程學系

論文名稱

鈦擴散型鈮酸鋰波導絕熱耦合器作為電光寬頻偏振態開關器之研究
(Study on Titanium In diffused Lithium Niobate Waveguide Adiabatic Couplers as Electro-Optic Broadband Polarization Mode Switches)

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摘要(中)

近年來，使用光學系統，尤其是集成電路 (IC) 的數字通信設備的增長已成為主要關注點。為了在光子電路芯片中創建快速、寬帶和可調諧的光開關，研究了“絕熱耦合器的寬帶無源元件”和“有源窄帶EOPMC”的集成。使用 Ti 中 TE 和 TM 偏振基模絕熱光傳輸的寬帶偏振分束器：在擴散 (LiNbO3) 波導和基於 Ti:PPLN 波導的窄帶但可調諧的有源電光偏振模式轉換將導致單芯片上的可調諧寬帶有源模式偏振模式開關。
在這項研究中，寬帶可調諧 EO 開關器件在 50 毫米長、20 毫米寬和 0.5 毫米厚的 z 切割 LiNbO3 芯片中使用熱擴散法和電場極化技術製造，23 µm 光柵週期。 AAC 部分設計為與波長無關且高偏振消光比 (PER) 偏振分束器 (PBS)，當沿晶體學施加外部電場時，EOPMC 可以在 TE 和 TM 偏振模式之間轉換Ti:PPLN 在 EO 係數 r51 處的 y 軸。我們的目標是通過主動調諧任一偏振的輸入偏振波來實現寬帶偏振模式切換，以便由於絕熱耦合器的高耦合效率而確定輸出偏振波。該實驗也在較寬的溫度和波長下進行。
有源開關的測量結果與仿真過程具有良好的擬合效果。轉換效率/耦合效率也可高達 96%，帶寬約為 2.7 nm，接近無源開關的結果 (98%)。這種獨特的器件可在 20 V 的低驅動電壓下工作，並且還顯示出寬溫度範圍，在 TE 和 TM 偏振的寬波長范圍內具有調諧速率 dλ/ dT = -1 nm

摘要(英)

In recent years, the growth of digital communications devices using optical systems, especially with Integrated Circuits (IC), has become the main interest. To create fast, broadband, and tunable optical switch in a photonic circuit chip, the research to integrate the “broadband passive elements of Adiabatic Coupler” and the “active narrowband EOPMC” has been studied. Using the broadband polarization beam splitter of the adiabatic light transfer of TE- and TM-polarized fundamental modes in Ti: In diffused (LiNbO3) waveguides and narrowband but tunable active electro-optical polarization mode conversion based on a Ti:PPLN waveguide will lead to tunable broadband active mode polarization mode switch on a single chip.
In this study, the broadband tunable EO switch device is fabricated in a 50-mm long, 20-mm wide, and 0.5-mm thick z-cut LiNbO3 chip using the thermal in: diffusion method and electric-field poling technique with a 23 µm grating period. The AAC part is designed to work as a wavelength-independent and high polarization-extinction-ratio (PER) polarization beam splitter (PBS), then EOPMC could convert between TE and TM-Polarized modes when an external electric field is applied along the crystallographic y-axis of the Ti:PPLN at EO coefficient r51. Our goal is to achieve the broadband polarization mode switches by actively tuning the input polarization wave for either polarization so that the output polarization wave could be determined as a result of the high coupling efficiency of adiabatic couplers. The experiment also has been done in broad temperature and wavelength.
The measurement result of the active switch had a good-fitting result with the simulation process. The conversion efficiency/coupling efficiency also can reach as high as 96% with ~2.7 nm bandwidth which is close to the passive switch’s result (98%). This unique device works at a low driving voltage of 20 V and also shown a broad temperature range with tuning rate dλ/ dT = -1 nm over broad wavelength for both TE and TM polarization.

關鍵字(中)

★ 絕熱光傳遞
★ 電光開關
★ 偏振模轉換器

關鍵字(英)

★ adiabatic light transfer
★ Electro-optic switch
★ polarization mode converter

論文目次

Table of Contents
摘要 ii
Abstract iii
Acknowledgment iv
Table of Contents vi
Table of Figures viii
Chapter 1 Introduction 1
1-1 Integrated Optics Overview 3
1-2 Brief Introduction of An Adiabatic Coupler 3
1-3 Study in Nonlinear Optics and Linear Electro-Optic Effect 4
1-4 Previous Works and Goals 5
1-5 Summary of contents 7
Chapter 2 Principles and Theoretical Background 8
2-1 LiNbO3 Crystals and Devices 8
2-1-1 History of LN 8
2-1-2 Growing Methods of LN 8
2-2 Ti-diffused Waveguides (Ti:LN) 9
2-3 Electro-Optic (EO) Effect on LN and Electro-Optic Polarization Mode Converter (EOPMC) 10
2-3-1 EO Effect in LN (Anisotropic Media) 11
2-3-2 EO Polarization Mode Converter (EOPMC) 12
2-3-2-1 Quasi Phase Matching (QPM) 12
2-3-2-2 QPM on PPLN to EO Effect 13
2-3-3 EOPMC as Solc filter 16
2-4 Waveguide and Directional Coupler 18
2-4-1 Waveguide 18
2-4-2 Directional Coupler and Directional Coupling 21
2-5 Adiabatic Light Transfer 23
2-5-1 Fundamental of STIRAP 23
2-5-2 Rabi Oscillations 25
2-5-3 Adiabatic Coupling 28
2-5-4 Adiabatic Light Coupling in the Three Inclined Waveguide 32
2-5-5 Adiabatic Directional Coupler in LiNbO3 33
Chapter 3 Device Design and Fabrication Process 35
3-1 Device Design 35
3-2 Beam Propagation Method Simulation 37
3-3 Fabrication Process 37
3-3-1 Titanium In diffused Waveguide 38
3-3-2 Electrode fabrication process 40
Chapter 4 Experimental Results and Analysis 43
4.1 AAC Characteristic Measurement 44
4.2 Analysis of Coupling Characteristics Results as Passive Switch 46
4.3 Analysis of EOPMC Characteristics as Active Switch 49
4.4 Analysis of EOPMC + AAC (PC) Polarization Switch Characteristics 54
Chapter 5 Conclusions and Future Works 56
5.1 Conclusion 56
5.2 Future Works 57
REFERENCES 58

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指導教授

陳彥宏(Yen-Hung Chen)

審核日期

2021-10-1

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