| 摘要: | 有機太陽能電池具備低溫與溶液式製程可製作在塑膠基板上，以達到大面積生產並降低製作成本。有機太陽能電池本身效率必需要達到10%以上方可應用。因此，多數研究方向主要針對有機太陽能電池效率的物理特性改良、開發高效率材料與元件結構最佳化。根據攜帶式產品的功能需求，電路中的電子元件必須具備低功效損耗並可整合內建電池，以利於增加產品的使用時間。基於以上考量，此論文主要目的為設計一種導電層/絕緣層/半導體層的結構，以達到整合有機太陽能電池與有機電晶體在同一基板上。此整合元件的優點可電路簡單化與減少元件的製作步驟，未來可應用於輕薄的攜帶式產品。 在第二章，我們研究一種多層(導電層/絕緣層/導電層)電極取代有機太陽能電池傳統的單層電極。此多層電極表面的偶極效應可以有效增加電極表面功函數，表面功函數的提升有助於有機太陽能電池內建電場的改善，增加有機太陽能的電池效率。在第三章，我們發展一種導電層/絕緣層/半導體層的元件結構製作有機太陽能電池。導電層上的絕緣層厚度可以使用加熱控制與反應在有機電極上。利用此結構有機太陽能電池可提高元件效率，同時元件操作壽命也有所改善。在第四章，將第三章的結構應用在低電壓電晶體，由於應用在有機電晶體上的P3HT半導體材料的導電性不高，一般會利用加熱方式來提高導電性，但是製作在塑膠基板上並不耐高溫，因此我們發展出一種對有機主動層局部加熱的方式，其特點為快速加溫與散熱快。有機主動層利用電壓加熱處理後，有機低電壓電晶體可以得到高電流輸出特性。此電壓加熱的原理與結果也在此章節中一並討論。在第五章，主要討論重點在整合有機太陽能電池與低電壓有機電晶體在同一基板。利用前束導電層/絕緣層/半導體層的概念將有機太陽能電池與低電壓有機電晶體做結構上的整合，並利用液滴塗覆法(drop coating )將有機太陽能電池的主動層整合到元件中，此整合元件中將具備有太陽能電池與電晶體的特性。最後於第六章，我們將針對前述的實驗結果作出討論同實時提出改進方法與未來應用方向。 Solar cells based on polymer materials have attracted a great deal of attention due to their low cost and potential for large-scale fabrication, through solution processes at low temperature. For commercial applications, the efficiency of polymer solar cells (PSC) must exceed 10%. But currently, most PSC devices remain far from that level of efficiency. For this reason, a number of researchers have focused on improving the electrical and physical characteristics of such devices through the development of new materials and the structural optimization. To meet the market demand for portable products, functional circuitry must be designed for low power consumption operating on self-contained power supplies. With this in mind, designing a conductor-insulator-semiconductor (CIS) structure that combines polymer solar cells (PSC) with polymer thin film transistors (TFTs) working at low voltage is the primary objective behind this thesis. The advantages of such integration would be the simplification of circuitry and the simplification of the fabrication process. Propress made in this study show possibility for the development of thin, lightweight products in the future. In chapter 2, we study a conductor/insulator/conductor (CIC) multi-layer electrode as a replacement for those traditional ones used in PSCs. The work function of this multi-layer electrode was improved by the dipole effect on the surface of the electrode, thereby influencing the internal electric field, and to enhancing the efficiency of the solar cells. In chapter 3, the thickness of the insulator in the structure of the CIS can be controlled through thermal treatment after spin-coated onto the organic electrode. With this controlled technique, the efficiency and the lifespan of the PSC is enhanced. In chapter 4, a low voltage polymer TFT is fabricated with a CIS structure using a poly(3-hexylthiophene) (P3HT) semiconductor, and us electrical characteristic are discussed. The P3HT semiconductor is difficult to apply as a polymer TFT due to low conductivity. Enhancing the conductivity of polymer OTFTs by annealing is well known, but difficult to apply on a plastic substrate, due to low heat tolerance. For this reason, we propose a bias annealing technique with the advantages of rapid heating and highly localized heat radiation. A high input current can be obtained using polymer TFTs by bias annealing of the active layer, the principle of which is discussed later. In chapter 5, we focus on integrating the PSC and polymer TFTs on the same substrate, through the use of the CIS structural concept mentioned previously. This integrated device is given both the characteristic of PSC and polymer TFTs by forming the active layer through drop coating. In chapter 6, the experiment results mentioned previously are concluded, with suggestions for improving the integration of the structure in future studies. |
