| 摘要: | 快速變化的市場動態使得企業希望他們的供應鏈能夠靈活反應，也能朝更永續、具環境意識的綠色供應鏈發展，除了為符合愈來愈嚴峻的環保法規外，也是希望藉由採取環境預應策略，把握形成競爭優勢的機會以領先市場上的主要競爭者。這些改變促使企業經理人必須重新思考目前的供應鏈策略、第三方物流提供者在改善企業流程與供應鏈過程之間所扮演的角色、企業與第三方物流服務提供者之間的關係，以及第三方物流供應商能從那些方面協助企業流程及供應鏈的綠化。 企業欲進行物流外包時會面對的問題之一即是缺乏具備有物流相關深入知識的人員與評選專家團隊的組成；同時，企業也對在評選第三方物流供應商時環境績效該占多大比重表示疑惑。然而，過去學者所提出之第三方物流供應商評選模式均只偏重評估供應商的基礎物流能力或是單單考量供應商的綠色績效。因此本研究希望能加強評量模式的完整性，兼顧第三方物流供應商的基礎能力與環境績效。企業可藉由評量模式的改變選出最佳第三方物流供應商，並同時提升綠色供應鏈績效。研究中利用文獻探討以及前測問卷施測結果分析篩選出相關之重要指標發展為評量模式。再以分析層級程序法(AHP)，藉由評估構面與準則的兩兩比較，取得綜合的評估概念以及指標的重要性排序，以建立一套針對在綠色供應鏈管理情境之下採行預應環境策略的公司所需要之第三方物流業者評估模式。 研究結果發現企業在評估第三方物流業者時，最重視的構面依序是一般物流公司考量、一般環境考量、協助使用者進行流程及供應鏈綠化的能力、長期關係、供應商之物流實務與企業之供應鏈結構的適配度、改善環境效率的能力；而流程與供應鏈改善的預期能力、綠色投資與採購則相對來說較不受到重視。在整體架構中，最重視的前十二項評估指標分別是，「服務品質」、「服務價格」、「ISO14000系列認證」、「執行逆向物流的能力」、「員工環境教育訓練」、「管理品質」、「全球物流能力」、「改善運輸及/或碼頭排程的能力」、「改善運輸效率」、「資訊系統能力」、「提供有效率的存貨管理服務」與「作業與遞送彈性」。最後，模擬企業在選擇物流供應商之情境，驗證本研究之評選模式在實務中是適用的。 Changing market dynamics make shippers want responsive supply chains. They also want to create more sustainable, environmentally conscious supply chains with the aim of meeting stringent regulations and anticipating main competitors. These developments are prompting some executives to re-evaluate current supply chain strategies, the role 3PL provides, relationships with their 3PL providers, and how a 3PL provider could help customers with green supply chain initiatives. However, the 3PL evaluation model suggested before seem to focus partially either on generic 3PL purchasing circumstances or on supplier’s environmental performance; therefore, important 3PL evaluation criteria for a supply chain perspective and the linkage between 3PL and green supply chain are identified through literature review and pre-test analysis and are modeled within a AHP decision-making framework. This study concluded that the critical dimensions in evaluating 3PL providers for GSCM are enumerated as follows: general company considerations, general environmental considerations, capability to help with the greening of processes and supply chain, long-term relationship, fit between logistics practices and supply chain structure, capability to improve environmental efficiency; expected capability of process and supply chain improvement, green purchasing and investment are less valued by shippers, which manifests that although user respondents believe 3PL providers can help with the greening of processes and supply chain operations, and they are closely considering the strategic logistics services 3PL providers can offer, they still need to be shown that their 3PL providers have the capabilities and deep business expertise needed to move to the strategic partner level. The top 12 criteria are “quality of services”, “price of services”, “ISO 14000 certification”, “facilitating reverse logistics”, “environmental staff training”, “quality of management”, “global capabilities”, “improving transportation and/or docking scheduling”, “improving transportation efficiency”, “capable IT”, “providing efficient inventory management” and “flexibility in operations and delivery”. Last, the results of the empirical validation show that the proposed 3PL evaluation model for GSCM is feasible in real-world practices. |
