| 摘要: | 「評點」是呈現中國傳統文學理論和批評的特殊形式，它發端於詩文，盛行於小說，甚至擴及戲曲領域。宋代「評點」的初衷多含有教學與科舉的實用功利目的。及至南宋末年劉辰翁，其評點的範疇乃擴及諸子、詩歌、古文、小說等，對象之多、範圍之大、內容之豐富，可謂空前。劉辰翁對《世說新語》的評點，被譽為小說評點的開山祖師。明清以降，雖有文人參與從事《世說新語》之評點，但在評點內容及數量、見解上，劉氏之作卻是其中的佼佼者。 本文擬從劉辰翁《世說新語》評點中，探討其獨特的文學品味：劉氏何以會評點向為中國傳統文人鄙棄的文類──小說，並爬梳劉氏的閱讀理論與文學主張、探討劉辰翁《世說新語》評點的形式、對象與內容，從而評價劉辰翁《世說新語》評點的價值。茲將本論文各章之大要略述於後： 第一章「緒論」，共分四節。第一節陳述研究動機與目的，第二節說明研究對象與範圍，第三節概述近二十年來劉辰翁研究概況，第四節概述劉辰翁的生平事蹟，內容包括其出生、求學、科舉、仕宦、漂流、隱居等階段，以見其一生的發展起落。 第二章「中國傳統閱讀觀與劉辰翁的評點方法」，共分三節。第一節說明閱讀與評點的關係，第二節論述「以意逆志」的閱讀觀與劉辰翁《世說新語》評點的方法，第三節論述「詩無達詁」的閱讀觀與劉辰翁《世說新語》評點的方法 第三章「劉辰翁《世說新語》評點的形式、對象與內容」，共分三節。第一節說明劉辰翁《世說新語》評點使用的符號之意義，第二節指陳劉辰翁評點《世說新語》的批語位置，第三節論述劉辰翁《世說新語》評點的對象與內容。 第四章「《世說新語》的文類與劉辰翁的小說觀」，從《世說新語》的文類與唐宋之小說觀等方面探討劉辰翁的小說觀與其《世說新語》評點的關係，共分四節。第一節論述《世說新語》的文類的特殊性。第二節論述唐代的小說觀。第三節論述宋代的小說觀。第四節論述劉辰翁的小說觀。 第五章「劉辰翁《世說新語》評點的目的與優缺」，共分二節。第一節從探討劉辰翁評點詩文之目的，以呈現其《世說新語》評點的目的特殊性。第二節論述劉辰翁評點《世說新語》的優點與缺點。 第六章「劉辰翁《世說新語》評點的價值」，共分四節。第一節肯定劉辰翁評點具有「挹注《世說》之注解，裨益後世《世說》的研究」的價值。第二節評述劉辰翁評點具有「開創小說評點之新風氣，奠定小說理論之基礎」的價值。第三節說明劉辰翁評點具有「對於小說評點形式、對象、用語」的影響。第四節論述其《世說新語》評點奠定中國小說理論之基礎。 第七章「餘論」，首先就劉辰翁是否為首位評點《世說新語》者作辨析，其次說明劉辰翁《世說新語》評點具有既理性而又感性的風格，最後檢討本文之缺失，以及本文或能引起世人對劉辰翁《世說新語》評點之重視與作為提供研究《世說新語》的新方向與對象的參考。 Abstract “Commentary (pingdian)” is a special way to present ancient Chinese literary criticism. It made a start from verse to novels, including traditional Chinese operas. “Commentary” in Song dynasty had its practical purpose for teaching and imperial examination. It is Liu Chen-weng, one of the pioneers in literary criticism in Chinese literature history in the end of Southern Song dynasty, who not only comments on works of scholars, but also on poetry, ancient writings, and novels. He is regarded as the founder of the commentary on novels because of his commentary on Shi Shuo Xin Yu. Since Ming and Qing dynasties, Liu’s commentary on Shi Shuo Xin Yu far exceeds others in the contents, entries, and opinions. My thesis plans to discuss the distinctive literary taste in Liu Chen-weng’s commentary on Shi Shuo Xin Yu: Why does Liu choose to comment on novels, the genre despised by traditional Chinese scholars? According to Liu’s reading approach and literary views, I will discuss the style, objects, and contents of his commentary on Shi Shuo Xin Yu as well as the value of his commentary on the novel. The following are brief introductions of each chapter in this study. Divided into four parts, the First Chapter begins with motives and purposes of my research. Next, I will introduce the object of study appears in the thesis. The third part is about predecessor’s works on Liu Chen-weng in the past twenty years. To present Liu’s rise and fall, the fourth part briefly discusses his life story, including his birth, education, imperial examination, serving in the government, drifting, and living in seclusion. The Second Chapter, “Comparison between Traditional Chinese Views on Reading and Liu Chen-weng’s Commentary Method,” consists of three parts. First, I will explain relations between reading and commentary. Then, I will compare views on reading in terms of “inferring willing from meaning” with the method Liu uses when commenting on Shi Shuo Xin Yu. The last part focuses on views about reading that “there is no ultimate authoritative explanation for poetry” and the method Liu uses when commenting on Shi Shuo Xin Yu. Chapter Three is named as “Style, Objects, and Contents in Liu Chen-weng’s Commentary on Shi Shuo Xin Yu.” I will discuss the following three questions in order: What do symbols Liu uses stand for in his commentary on Shi Shuo Xin Yu? Where does Liu leave commentary symbols when commenting the novel? What objects and contents does Liu comment on in Shi Shuo Xin Yu? The Fourth Chapter introduces “The Genre of Shi Shuo Xin Yu and Liu Chen-weng’s Views on Novels.” I try to seek connections of Liu’s views on novels and his commentary on Shi Shuo Xin Yu through relations between the genre of Shi Shuo Xin Yu and views on novels in Tang and Song dynasties. The following four topics are discussed respectively: special characteristics in the genre of Shi Shuo Xin Yu, views on novels in Tang dynasty, views about novels in Song dynasty, and Liu’s views on novels. Chapter Five is called “Purposes, Advantages, and Disadvantages of Liu Chen-weng’s commentary on Shi Shuo Xin Yu.” To present special characteristics of Liu’s commentary, the first section deals with purposes of Liu’s commentary on verses. Then, advantages and disadvantages of Liu’s commentary on Shi Shuo Xin Yu will be listed in the following section. The Sixth Chapter, “Value of Liu Chen-weng’s Commentary on Shi Shuo Xin Yu,” consists of four parts. Firstly, Liu’s commentary “not only improves notions of reading Shi Shuo Xin Yu, but also helps later generations do research on this novel”. In addition, Liu’s commentary plays an important role in “creating commentary on novels and laying groundwork for the theory of novel”. The third part indicates how Liu’s commentary “affects style, objects, and use of language in commentary upon novels.” The last part approves that commentary on Shi Shuo Xin Yu lays a solid foundation for the theory of Chinese novels. To conclude the thesis, the last chapter includes three sections. To begin with, I will analyze if Liu Chen-weng is the first one to do commentary on Shi Shuo Xin Yu. Next, I will explain why Liu’s commentary on Shi Shuo Xin Yu possesses both rational and perceptual manners. At last, reflection on my thesis will be provided to interest others to think highly of Liu Chen-weng’s commentary on Shi Shuo Xin Yu and served as reference for others when studying this novel. |
