摘 要 本篇論文旨在藉由比較愛倫坡的短篇小說威廉威爾生與詹姆是萊斯登的獨角人，來討論對於自我駕馭之幻想的問題，希望能於討論中重新思考啟蒙時代所建立的對於個體的概念。首先我以拉岡心理分析閱讀威廉威爾生中的替身主題，並認為替身主題所表現的對於自我統一性的追尋即顯現了自我駕馭之幻想。在拉岡的分析中，主體對於自我統一性的認識始於主體因其鏡像所投射出的完整性，而對其產生認同，然而主體對鏡像的認同卻可能使主體開始產生對自我駕馭的幻想並使其沉浸其中。在威廉威爾生中，對自我統一性的追求在最後以精神的自我毀滅結束，我將此文本的負面再現閱讀為其對啟蒙時代個體概念提供批判再思考的可能。另外，在此負面再現中，也預示了後現代主體在社會結構中的困境。萊斯登的獨角人中，也以替身作為文本的主要結構。比較兩個文本中的主角與替身的關係，小說主人翁對於替身的理性態度特別顯著，此理性態度在本論文的討論中成為可將威廉威爾生中所探討的批判再推演深入。小說主人翁所呈現的強迫性理性態度，在本文討論中，發現其背後不理性動機為拒認自我中不被社會主流意識形態不認可的部分。這種以理性態度為表象，暗層為自我拒認的作用很有可能使主體在陷入自我駕馭之幻想的同時，被主流意識形態所駕馭。Abstract This thesis will focus on the problem of the fantasy of self-mastery by comparing Poe’s “William Wilson” with The Horned Man, a recent novel written by James Lasdun in 2002. In studying the fantasy of self-mastery in these two texts, I intend to hold a reconsideration of the Enlightenment concept of the individual. By Lacanian reading of the Double motif in “William Wilson”, I locate the fantasy of self-mastery in the pursuit of self-unity. In Lacanian terms, self-unity comes from the subject’s identification with mirror reflection that creates the sense of mastery. However, by inducing the subject’s identification, the obsession with the unified self will also send the subject to a fantasy of self-mastery. As the tale presents the obsession with a unified self as suicidal in the end, I thus consider the tale as forming a critique to the making of the individual regulated by the Enlightenment concept. I also read an anticipation of the involuntary condition of post-modern subject in the tale. Studying the same employment of the Double motif in the novel, I find its unique accentuation of the rationalist style can be able to push further the critique formed in Poe’s tale. I see the rationalist attitude as where the fantasy of self-mastery expresses itself. From the novel’s detective narrative, I discover that under the rationalist surface lies actually a denial of the irrational self. By employing Terry Castle’s critique of the Enlightenment rationalism to read such self-denial, a process of alienation within the subject can be represented. In The end, I argue that through such self-alienation, the power of self-regulation can be internalized within the subject, who is in turn subjugated by social institutions and ideology.
