明清時期閩粵地區蜑民、畲族之研究

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题名:	明清時期閩粵地區蜑民、畲族之研究
作者:	張政柔;Chengjou,Chang
贡献者:	歷史研究所
关键词:	賤民;?族;蜑民;ragtag;She Zu;Dan
日期:	2013-06-24
上传时间:	2013-07-10 12:08:11 (UTC+8)
出版者:	國立中央大學
摘要:	明清時期東南沿海各省，受益於商品經濟貿易的繁榮，成為了人人爭相逐利之地，吸引了大量的人口向這些地區移入。而福建、廣東因為地理位置和天然良港的優勢，更是成為眾多商人聚集之地，然而在此地經濟繁盛前，已有一批少數民族聚集於此，即為本文所欲研究的蜑民和?族。蜑民和?族的身分除了為閩粵地區的少數民族外，亦被當地的漢人歸類為賤民，成為福建、廣東等沿海地區所特有的「區域性賤民」。如此被漢人賦予雙重身分的蜑民和?族，長期處在文化和經濟的壓迫下，無異是對於區域性賤民研究中絕佳的對象。經由蜑民和?族所處的環境，以及兩者於經濟生產鏈中所扮演的角色，可觀察出，雖然蜑民、?族與其他區域性賤民相同，皆從事職業低下，多為一般良民不願屈就的工作，因而被賤視。然為能在強勢的漢民族文化下謀求生計，蜑民和?族便藉由己身所處的環境，發展出其特有的經濟競爭力，如蜑民泅水的技能，?族的?稻，皆是在漢人經濟體系下，發揮其優於漢人的特殊性。而透過本研究，可發現漢族文化對於蜑民和?族所產生的影響頗深，除了在經濟上蜑民和?族為保有其生存的空間，不得不作出相對的應變；在其他方面，如文化習俗、生活起居等，也皆因漢民族強勢的文化包圍之下，促使蜑民和?族其固有的傳統文化開始產生變化，而逐漸有越來越多地漢化情況出現。然在文化變異的過程，漢文化和蜑民、?族的文化彼此激盪中，亦使漢人對於?、蜑兩族的風俗文化漸有認識。顯現在文化的交流下，有助於漢民族漸能以客觀的態度，對待社會底層的族群。 By the period of Ming and Qing dynasty, benefit from the prosperity economy and trade, people in southeast coastal provinces were competing for fame and fortune. It also attracted volumes of people to move into this area. Among them many merchants especially gathered at Fukien and Guangdong for the advantage of location and natural harbor. However, before the boom, some minority nationalities had resided in this region. Two of the early inhabitants, She Zu and Dan, are the research targets of this study. Han ethnic group considered She Zu and dan as ragtag. Suffering from the double identity of minority nationalities and regional ragtag, She Zu and Dan lived a hard life under cultural and economic oppression for a long time. Therefore, certainly She Zu and Dan is optimum object for understanding regional ragtag. She Zu and Dan were looked down on the social stratum for the reason that they took inferior works that were rejected by general public. However, by observing the living environment and the role She Zu and Dan were taken in the economic production chain, we can find that they were different from other regional ragtag. Under Han’s economic system, She Zu and Dan changed environment weakness into advantage and bring out their superior particularity, swimming and cultivation, which help them survived from Han culture. According to this study, She Zu and Dan were strongly impacted by Han ethnic group. Besides making adjustments for preserving their living space, surrounding by powerful Han culture, She Zu and Dan's traditional life style and culture were forced to change and gradually assimilate by Han culture. Culture exchange let Han people progressively understood the essence of She Zu and Dan’s customs and culture, also enable them to treat the lowest rung objectively.
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