| 摘要: | 摘 要
南靖縣位於福建省的東南部，梅林鎮位於南靖縣的西北部，境內主要通行客家話，少數講閩南話，為因應語言溝通的需要，逐漸形成獨特的客閩方言即梅林客家話；筆者深入當地，以田野調查法蒐集梅林客家話的語音與詞彙，根據田調語料撰寫本論文。
本論文共分六章。第一章緒論，說明本文的研究動機與目的、研究方法、歷史沿革與地理位置、文獻探討與回顧、發音人簡介等。採用「田野調查法、語音描寫法、方言比較法、歷時比較法」，來進行分析研究。第二章是透過梅林鎮客家話的語音語料，描述梅林鎮客家話的平面語音系統，並製作成梅林客家話的同音字表。第三章將梅林鎮客家話與中古音韻做出歷時的比較。第四章分析梅林鎮客家話的語音特點，聲母特點：包括（1）全濁聲母清化讀送氣，與次清聲母合流。（2）精莊知章組聲母合流。（3）非組字讀重脣音。（4）知組讀如端組舌頭音、。（5）部分曉、匣母字讀、。（6）泥、來有別。（7）部分疑、泥母字讀 、 ；韻母特點：包括（1）一、二等有別：「 」：「 」元音的對應與「 」：「 」元音的新對應形式。（2）韻攝之間的平行現象。（3）音系間的合流現象；聲調特點：部分全濁上歸陰平、去聲，次濁聲母的平、上、去、入聲的陰陽調走向等。第五章將南靖梅林鎮客家話與永定高陂、詔安白葉客家話的二十四類詞彙做比較其使用之差異，並加以說明。第六章為結論，歸納出梅林鎮客家話的語音系統及其特點，並在最後做小結。
Abstract
Nanjing County is located at the southeast of Fujian province, Mainland China, and Meilin Township is at the northwestern region of Nanjing County. Hakka dialect is the primary language widely spread in the township
few people speak Taiwanese instead. Because of the demands for communication, a unique dialect, Meilin Hakka, was then developed. The author visited Meilin on the site, and searched the speech sounds and vocabulary of Meilin Hakka by the field study. This study was accomplished based on the collected data thereby.
There are six chapters in the study. Chapter 1 is the introduction presenting the motives and the purpose of this study, research methods, history, geographic position, reference discussion, and pronouncer profiles, which were analyzed by Field Study, Phonetic Description, Dialect Comparison, and Historical Comparison. Chapter 2 introduces the flat pronunciation system of Meilin Hakka according to the speech sound information in Meilin Township, and thus creates a table with the similar sound of Meilin Hakka. Chapter 3 makes a comparison between Meilin Hakka and the ancient Chinese sounds. Chapter 4 analyzes the speech sound features of Meilin Hakka. For example, the feature of the initial syllables includes (1) aspirated initial consonants and sub-initial consonants (2) jing(精), Juang(莊) ,Zhi(知), Jang(章) initial consonants (3) labial sound instead of components (4) lingual sounds such as Zhi(知), tzu(組), du(讀), ru(如) 、 (5) part of initial consonants such as xiao(曉) and xia(匣) pronounce 、 (6) difference between ni(泥) and lai(來) (7) part of initial consonants such as yi(疑) and ni(泥) pronounce 、
the feature of the final syllables includes (1) difference between the first sound and the second sound:「 」：「 」. The original and the new corresponding between vowels 「 」：「 」(2) the parallel phenomenon between classifier (3) the interflow between different sounds
the feature of the pronunciation includes Yinping(陰平) and Qu(去聲), and ying and yang sounds such as flat, up, going, and entering. Chapter 5 makes a comparison of Meilin Hakka and the 24 vocabulary items in Gaobei Yongding and Paiyeh Zhaoan. At last, Chapter 6 is the conclusion. We classify the phonetic system and the features of Meilin Hakka. |
