| 摘要: | 成都東山是四川保存客家話最完整、面積最大的「客家方言島」，客家人大多在明清時期於粵東地區遷入，之後便受到「西南官話」長時間地接觸影響，逐漸形成其特有的音韻現象與詞彙使用習慣，成為今日的東山客家話。本文即以此為研究對象，以成都東山的三聖鄉、黃土鎮與木蘭鎮三方言點，進行以音韻為主而詞彙為輔的研究。
本論文主要分為六個章節，第一章緒論，說明本論文的研究動機與目的、研究方法與步驟、文獻回顧與探討，且針對三聖鄉、黃土鎮與木蘭鎮進行歷史、地理的概述，並呈現成都東山客家方言點的相對位置。第二章為三聖鄉、黃土鎮與木蘭鎮客家話的語音系統，分別說明三個方言點的聲韻調，藉此來看東山客家話的樣貌。第三章主要是東山客家話與中古音之間的演變，分別就聲母、韻母、聲調三部分，來探討今日東山客家話與音演變及發展。第四章歸納東山客家話的與音特點，嘗試以去聲聲調的歸併現象，將東山客家話分為三區塊，並藉由少數入聲韻的聲母保留狀況，呈現卷舌聲母平舌化的先後次序。第五章介紹東山客家話的特殊詞彙，並與成都話、梅縣、五華話相互比較。第六章結論，歸結東山客家話的語音、詞彙特點，並在最後提出檢討與建議之處。
;Chengdu Dongshan is called “the island of Hakka”, where Hakka dialect is retained the most completely in Sichuan. Most of Hakka ethnic there emigrated from the eastern region during Ming and Ching Dynasty, and then Hakka dialect in Dongshan gradually formeda unique phenomenon of phonology as well as lexicon usage owing to the influence of Southwest Mandarin. This thesis takes the Hakka dialect of Samshing(三聖鄉), Huangtu(黃土鎮), and Mulan(木蘭鎮) in Chengdu Dongshan(成都東山) as examples. Moreover, discussion of this study contains phonology and lexicon,but we mainly focus on the former, the latter is auxiliary.
The thesis is divided into six chapters.The first chapter is an introduction that consists ofthe motive and objective, methodology, literature review. Besides, a brief description of history and geographyof Samshing(三聖鄉), Huangtu(黃土鎮), Mulan(木蘭鎮) and the relative position of Hakka dialect in Chengdu Dongshan are presented in this chapter as well. We emphasize on the phonology of Samshing(三聖鄉), Huangtu(黃土鎮), Mulan(木蘭鎮) Hakka dialect in the second chapter,including initials, finals, and tones. In the third chapter, we show the correspondences betweenDongshan Hakka dialect and the Middle Chinese classificatory system, and figure out the evolution of Dongshan Hakka dialect. We put the emphasis on the characteristics of Dongshan Hakka phonologyin fourth chapter.Chapterfive offers a phonological comparison between Dongshan Hakka and other dialects, including Chengdu(成都), Meixian(梅縣), Wuhua(五華), and introduces special lexicon of Dongshan Hakka dialect as well. Chapter six is the conclusion. Finally, we sum up the phonology and lexical features of Dongshan Hakka dialect, andprovide the achievements and deficiencies of this study. |
