| 摘要: | 農田水利會係秉承政府推行農田水利事業為宗旨，其功能係解決農業用水問題，為推動、執行農業灌溉、排水之服務，以促進農業發展、提升農地生產、增加農民所得、繁榮農村社區、確保糧食安全、維護環境生態等。其使命為加強農田水利建設及營運管理，兼顧生態環境保育政策，期以發揮農田水利三生功能，並推廣為全民的水利事業。
本研究係採文獻分析法及深度訪談法進行研究，探析在客家地區，農田水利會的組織沿革不斷發展，如何營運﹖如何運用「合產」機制的組織效能，由｢農田水利會｣以擁有專業管理農業灌溉用水的知識與技能，所提供之水利服務、農業灌溉用水的治理營運，結合｢基層水利小組｣的豐沛人際網絡、社會資本，並以公私協力的夥伴關係，構成水利會與農民會員之間的信任與信賴，支援與互助，產生為一縱向的治理機制，共同推動與民眾利益有關的公共事務，以完成服務會員、水源配水、輸水的分配管理，達成農業灌溉用水公平、效率之預期目標及提高水利服務的價值與效能。
本研究結論，經時代的變遷，水利服務的合產關係與客家、閩南族群，並非顯著，無差別待遇。惟在經營環境的改變，農田水利會與水利小組的合產運作關係也有所影響，爰農田水利會為俾利水利事業永續經營，其與基層水利小組合產互助及政府的監督、輔助等，應要有妥善的經營管理對策：一、因應特殊行政任務，訂定健全法制及定位。二、爭取補助經費，促進農田水利建設。三、儘速制訂法規，加強水質汙染防治。四、強化會員參與水利服務，打造全民的水利事業。五、水權有償調撥之合理補償，維護農田水利會及農民權益。水權有償調撥之合理補償，維護農田水利會及農民權益。六、加強健全穩定財源，朝多角化經營。
;The Irrigation Association adheres to the irrigation and water conservancy services as the aim, and its function is to solve the agricultural water problem, so as to promote and implement the agricultural irrigation and drainage service, promote the agricultural development, improve farmland’s production, increase farmers’ income, prosper rural community, ensure food security, maintain environment and ecology, etc. Its mission is to strengthen the construction of water conservancy works and operation management, as well as give consideration to conservation policy of ecological environment, in a bid to develop the three functions (production function, ecological function and life function) of irrigation and water conservancy and promote it as the national irrigation and water conservancy services.
This study adopted document analysis method and in-depth interview to conduct the research, so as to discuss and analyze the organizational evolution and continuous development of the Irrigation Association in Hakka area, how it operates and how it applies the organizational effectiveness of “co-production” system. The professional management knowledge and skills in agricultural irrigation water possessed by the Irrigation Association, the supplied water conservancy service and the management and operation of agricultural irrigation water are combined with the abundant interpersonal network of “substratum water conservancy team”, social capital and the public-private partnership to constitute the trust and reliance, supporting and mutual aid between Irrigation Association and farmer membership. Thus, one longitudinal governance mechanism is produced, so as to jointly push forward the public affairs related to public interests, complete the distribution management of service membership, water distribution and water delivery, reach the anticipated goal of fairness and efficiency in agricultural irrigation water and improve the value and efficiency of irrigation service.
As for the conclusion of this study, with the change of time, there is no significant and differential treatment in the irrigation service’s co-production relations with Hakka and Minnan ethnic groups. Only the change in operating environment has also influenced the co-production operational relationship between Irrigation Association and water conservancy team. Irrigation Association is the sustainable operation of irrigation and water conservancy service. The co-production and mutual aid between the Irrigation Association and substratum water conservancy team, governmental supervision, assistance, etc should have the appropriate strategy of operation management: (1) responding the special administrative tasks and formulating the sound legal system and localization; (2) striving for subsidies and promoting construction of water conservancy works; (3) formulating the laws and regulation as soon as possible and reinforcing the prevention and management of water pollution; (4) intensifying membership to participate in irrigation service and building the national water conservancy business; (5) reasonably compensating the allocation and transfer with compensation for water right and maintaining the rights and interests of the Irrigation Association and farmers; (6) strengthening the sound and stable financial resources and multi-orientation management. |
