| 摘要: | 自從1990年代，「族群」因為國家認同問題被和政治議題與衝突連結在一起之後，政治逐漸「族群」化，族群政治成為台灣政治發展的關鍵指標。族群如何在政治領域展現其作用一直是被關注的議題，對一般民眾而言，政治參與是接觸政治議題的途徑之一，透過觀察政治參與型態能知道不同族群之間在政治參與上的差異。因此本研究旨在比較政治參與差異是否會受到不同族群因素、不同性別與不同世代之間的影響。
本研究將以苗栗縣年滿20歲具有公民資格的民眾作為調查對象，透過電訪問卷收回共558筆有效樣本資料，利用交叉比對和迴歸分析，探討族群差異對不同型態的政治參與之影響、族群之間的投票行為以及投票偏好之差異，並以中介模型說明政治參與在族群和投票行為間扮演的角色。研究發現：首先，多數民眾的政治參與整體是偏低的，以及所選取的政治參與活動可被歸類成被動型和主動型兩類，且這兩類中以被動型政治參與為主。其次，政治參與在族群分類的差異比較中，客家族群的政治參與高於閩南族群，年齡層差異在政治參與有生命週期效應，隨著年紀增加政治參與率先隨之上升而後下降，以及男性的政治參與高於女性。然後，透過政治參與的中介，強化族群、年齡、性別、政治參與等因素對投票行為的影響。最後，苗栗縣之投票偏好以候選人的選舉政見和個人形象為關鍵因素，所屬政黨和同鄉或地緣關係的影響力位居於後。
;Ethnic group is playing a crucial role in Taiwan’s political stage since 1990s with national identity being linked closely to the political conflicts as well as policies.
The concrete role of ethnic groups in politics has been the subject of attention for long. For the general public, political participation is an obvious and direct way of reaching out to political issues, and by compare and contrast different ways of political participation, we can observe the characteristics of political participation among different ethnic groups. For instance, how political participation is influenced by the culture of ethnic groups, genders as well as generations.
With regard to the methodology and participants of the study, Taiwanese with citizenship aged 20 or above in Miaoli County were selected as the survey subject. A total of 558 valid sample data were collected through phone interviews. Cross-comparison and regression analysis were used to explore the impact of ethnic groups differences on different types of political participation, voting behavior between ethnic groups, differences in voting preferences, elaboration of the role of political participation in ethnic groups through intermediary model. The study has revealed three facts:
First and foremost, political participation is low in general. Two types of political participation are observed including passive and active. In this study, the political participation is reckoned as passive.
Secondly, differences in level of political participation are observed among different ethnic groups. More concretely speaking, the level political participation is higher in Hakka ethnic groups compared to Hoklos ethnic groups. Besides, age differences also have life cycle effect in political participation. According to the study, the level of political participation will first increase with the increase of age and later with the decrease in level. The level of political participation is also higher in male compared to female. After all, with the different agents of political participation, ethnics, age, gender, will intensify its effects on voting.
Finally, voting preferences are influenced by many factors. For instance, Miaoli County favor politicians with positive personal images and good policies. Whether he or she belongs to certain political parties or having the influences in hometown will not be considered as important. |
