| 摘要: | 預防接種在國家公共衛生政策上相當重要，其對個人提供保護力免於染病，對國家而言，國民在群體免疫力的保護之下，得有效預防傳染性疾病的擴散與蔓延。預防接種政策推行之正當化基礎，與人民健康權利、基本國策及國家保護義務間具有關聯性，就此脈絡，將牽動「預防接種受害補償制度」之論理基礎。我國現行預防接種受害救濟制度，未明文其補償之法理基礎，通說以特別犧牲理論為補償之依據，但較諸於德國預防接種之補償法制，過於貧乏且不足。故本文以預防接種之補償法理，作為研究之核心，並以此檢討我國現行法律制度之缺失。本文認為：一、我國接種受害補償制度屬於「社會補償」體系，並參考德國接種受害之補償法理基礎，透過基本權利、基本國策與國家保護義務之論據，得按預防接種之接種類型，綜合分析其規制效果、接種疫苗性質與免疫的利益歸屬等，建立具有階層化體系之法理基礎。二、衡量接種受害的補償法理，對於接種受害之補償規範位階、相關法律定義、審議實務、因果關係及舉證責任面向，參考德國之比較法制規範，提出相關之修法意見與個人觀點，俾提供接種受害者更周全之權利保護及落實接種受害補償之法理基礎。;Vaccination is very important in the national public health policy. It protects individuals from disease. For the Nation, highly herd immunity can provide public immunity, thus effectively preventing the serious and infectious diseases. However, the justification of the vaccination policy is related to the people′s health rights and national protection obligations. Under this circumstance, the legal theory of the "vaccine injury compensation system" will be affected. In Taiwan, the Regulations of vaccine injury compensation do not elaborate an appropriate reason for compensation. The academic opinion thought that the vaccine injury compensation system is based on the special sacrifice theory, but compared to the German vaccine injury compensation system, our legal theory is devoid of matter. Therefore, this article takes the legal theory of vaccine injury compensation system as the core of the research, and reviews the lack of the current regulations in Taiwan. This article argues that: First, with reference to the legal theory of vaccine injury compensation in Germany, we shall be establish a hierarchical compensational legal theory, and according to the type of vaccination, the regulatory effect, the nature of vaccine and the interest of immunization can be comprehensively evaluated. Second, due to the legal theory of vaccine injury compensation system, this article will refer to the vaccine injury compensation norms of Germany, and put forward appropriate comments on Law standard, deliberation practice, causality and burden of proof. Hopefully, it could be beneficial to provide a more comprehensive protection of the victims of vaccination and to implement the legal theory of vaccine injury compensation. |
