| 摘要: | 臺灣主要以進、出口為導向的島嶼國家，其本身未擁有豐富的自然資源，因此國際貿易占了整體經濟活動中很大比重；隨著近年國內半導體、光電等高科技產業競爭力提升，由於此類型科技電子產品具高單價、體積小與時效性等特質，因此大多業者往往選擇利用空運方式以爭取產品之時效，故對於航空貨物運輸的需求更形殷切，進而活絡了航空貨物市場整體發展。航空貨物集散站(Air Cargo Terminals；ACTs )為空運貨物市場中繼站，其業務發展與航空貨量息息相關，因此有關其作業之良窳，攸關了航空貨運市場整體的效率。根據行政院勞動部相關資料顯示，有關運輸及倉儲服務業的職業災害次數已高居國內全產業之首，相較同屬於倉儲業之航空貨物集散站經營業而言，則不容忽視。
有鑑該經營產業早期為國營獨占事業且有關研究多偏向組織再造或民營化前後績效等相關議題，至於有關職業災害特性探討實為少見；因此，本研究蒐集航空貨物集散站工作場所中所發生的職業災害，利用SPSS 21.0軟體進行統計分析，以卡方獨立性檢定、Spearman 等級相關係數、Phi (φ)係數及Cramer′s V 係數來了解各變數間之相關程度，其中「危害特性與災害媒介物」具有高度相關，中度相關方面則有「危害特性與災害類型」、「危害特性與作業類別」、「災害媒介物與災害類型」及「災害媒介物與作業類別」；希望藉由研究的結果，提供給航空貨物集散站及其他相關承攬業者未來於擬定降低工作場所職業災害發生之參考依據。
;Taiwan is mainly an import-export-oriented country. It does not have abundant natural resources. Therefore, international trade accounts for a large proportion of economic activities. With the increasing competitiveness of domestic high-tech industries such as semiconductors and optoelectronics in recent years, these high-tech electronic products have the characteristics of high unit price, small size, and timeliness. Most of the operators often use the air transportation to acquire the timeliness of the products. Therefore, the demand for air cargo transportation is more eager, which further activates the overall development of the aviation cargo market. Air Cargo Terminals (ACTs) are the air cargo market relay station. Its business development is closely related to the air cargo volume. Therefore, its operation is good for the overall efficiency of the air cargo market. According to the relevant information of the Ministry of Labor of the Executive Yuan, the occupational accidents in the transportation and warehousing industries have ranked first in the domestic industry, and cannot be ignored in comparison with the air cargo terminals of the same warehousing industry.
It is rare to discuss the characteristics of occupational accidents in the early stage of the operating industry, which is the state-owned monopoly and the relevant research is biased towards organizational reengineering or privatization performance. Therefore, this study collects the occurrence of air cargo terminals in the workplace. Occupational hazards, using SPSS 21.0 software for statistical analysis, using the chi-square independence test, Spearman rank correlation coefficient, Phi (φ) coefficient and Cramer′s V coefficient to understand the degree of correlation between variables, which found "hazard characteristics and disaster vectors" are highly correlated. For moderate correlation, there are "hazard characteristics and disaster types", "hazard characteristics and operation types", "disaster media and disaster types", "disaster media and operation categories". It is hoped that through the results of the research, it can provide air cargo terminals and other related contractors with relevant information to formulate a reference basis for reducing occupational disasters in the workplace. |
