| 摘要: | 城市物流 (City logistics) 是指在一個城市的地理範圍內進行實體物品配送的物流型態，大多以運輸車輛為主。而近年來因為環保意識的抬頭，碳排放成為重大議題，因此車輛路徑問題 (Vehicle Routing Problem, VRP) 從原本燃油動力車輛 (Internal-combustion Engine Vehicles) 的研究逐漸轉向以研究電動車 (Electric Vehicle, EVs) 為主的電動車輛途程問題 (Electric vehicle routing problem, EVRP ) 。關於電動車的論文大多都是以旅行銷售員 (Travelling salesman problem, TSP) 之構想去改良延伸出電動車輛途程問題，甚至也有些人研究電動車之耗能、續航和充電以及充電站之配置等問題。吾人發現目前的論文很少以即時路況做為資料解決此類問題。
因此，本文的重點和貢獻在於即時性資料的應用，提出一個動態電動車途程問題 (Dynamic electric vehicle routing problem, Dynamic-EVRP) 數學規劃模型並結合即時數據分析利用基因演算法 (Genetic Algorithm, GA) 來規劃最佳經濟效果之途程。在接下來的章節中將詳細介紹本文在途程規劃和計算過程中考慮了哪些因素，以及如何判斷和分析即時數據。最後，吾人將結合地理資訊系統 (Geographic Information System, GIS) 使用程式和兩個範例來對本研究進行驗證。
關鍵字: 城市物流、動態車輛路徑問題、電動車、即時性、地理資訊系統
;City logistics refers to the logistics type of physical goods distribution within the geographical scope of a city, most of which are based on cars. In recent years, due to the rise of environmental awareness, carbon emissions have become a major issue. Therefore, the Vehicle Routing Problem (VRP) has gradually shifted from the original research on internal-combustion engine vehicles to the research on Electric Vehicle Routing Problem (EVRP) . Most of the papers on Electric Vehicles (EVs) are based on the idea of the Traveling Salesman Problem (TSP) to apply Electric Vehicle Routing Problem. Other issues also include charging problem and the configuration of charging stations. We find that very few current papers address such issues with real-time road conditions as data. Therefore, the focus and contribution of this paper lies in the application of real-time data, combined with the knowledge brought by predecessors, a mathematical programming model of Dynamic Electric Vehicle Routing Problem (DEVRP) is proposed and combined with real-time data analysis using Genetic Algorithm (GA) to plan the path for the best economic results. In the following chapters, we will introduce in detail what factors are considered in the journey planning and calculation process in this paper, and how to judge and analyze the real-time data. Finally, we will use a program and two cases using a Geographic Information System (GIS) to validate this method.
Keywords: City logistics, Dynamic electric vehicle routing problem, Immediacy, Geographic information system |
