| 摘要: | 疑問句在日常生活當中使用頻率高，而客家話疑問句的使用方式也因內部方言差有所不同，本研究針對屏東萬巒地區進行臺灣客家話南四縣腔之疑問句進行調查與分析，搜集五位長時間居住在萬巒地區，並熟稔萬巒地區之南四縣客家話的發音人，透過文獻分析、田野調查和歸納分析法，進行疑問句語料的研究。
本研究主要將疑問句研究分為四個章節，分別是客家話特指問句章節、選擇問句章節、正反問句與否定問句章節，以及句末問句章節。客家話特指問句依據使用情境，將「麼」、「哪」、「仰」、「幾」四個系別分類，整理出客家話南四縣腔萬巒地區所使用之疑問代詞，發現「哪/仰仔」與「麼个/幾個」的使用頻率最高，且多為單音節疑問代詞。客家話中的選擇問句也分成四個小節，分別處理主語、賓語、謂語，以及詢問兩個以上選項之選擇問句，主要以「還」、「抑」為本。
正反問句的客家話句式與華語疑問句有很大的差異，主要將其分為三類，為詢問動作動詞、詢問情態助動詞、詢問有沒有之正反問句。詢問動作動詞之正反問句主要以「VP＋mo11」為大宗，詢問情態助動詞之正反問句以「V＋Neg＋V」與「VP＋Neg」為焦點，詢問有沒有之正反問句有別於華語，以「有＋無」做使用，正反問句中包含了否定意味之詞彙，但客家話的否定問句則以「Neg＋VP＋句末語尾助詞」為主。
客家話的句末語尾助詞分為四類，分別是「嗎」、「呢」、「吧」、「啊」，「嗎」，發現還是以「mo11」最為大宗。
本研究的發現，固然與過去的相關文獻之結果沒有太大的差異，卻以經驗語料說明客語疑問句的可能變化、並點出客語和華語疑問句式的主要差別，此兩項發現，將為未來的客語疑問句提供更深入的看法。
;Interrogatives in Hakka vary according to different accents, which is therefore worth further investigation. In this study field methods accompanied with data analysis have been adopted as the key research methods. It is highly expected to have a better knowledge of how Hakka interrogatives work on the basis of the Hakka spoken in Wanluan area.
Four types of interrogatives have been focused, namely, specific questions, alternative interrogatives, A-not-A questions, and the tag questions. The basic findings are as follows. First of all, specific questions are found to have four subtypes, which are based on ma, na, I, and gi. Interesting enough they are by and large mono-syllabic words. In terms of alternative questions, it turned out to be based on subjective, objective, predicative, and any two of the above. However, we also found that the A-not-A type of questions are quite different between Hakka and Mandarin. In Hakka, sentences with VP＋mo11 are the main type, though there were three others referred. Finally, the function syllables like mo (Hakka negation) are, among others like ma, no, a, ba, and ma, mostly used in daily conversation.
The findings of this study are not so sharply different from those reported in the literature. However, they shed light in the empirical data based insights and the significant difference between Mandarin and Hakka in the formation of interrogatives. They are highly expected to be beneficial to the further research in one way or another, which might serve as the most significant contribution of this thesis. |
