| 摘要: | 本文所要研究的外省蕉嶺客家，是指1945年至1950年國共內戰中，在蔣中正帶領下由大陸撤退到臺灣的那一批人當中的蕉嶺客家人。根據《話說蕉嶺》紀錄（蕉嶺文史第23輯2013年2月25頁），這一群客家人共有2,100多人跟隨蔣中正至臺灣，從政治的觀點來看，他們是政治難民（施正鋒，2004），對這一群人的人生也是個大悲劇。由於他們幾乎全部是因政權改變而非志願被迫離家到臺灣（極少數志願者），絕大部分的人是單身，甚至僅14歲及17歲等未成年，所在都有。
對這一群漂泊離散的難民來說，明明是客家人，來到臺灣卻被定位為外省的廣東人，而在廣東人同鄉中又屬弱勢，種種的不幸，筆者身為蕉嶺後裔的臺灣客家人認為應投以較大的關注、並竭盡所能為這批外省蕉嶺客留下記錄，同時為臺灣的歷史增添些許更真實的記錄。
經過詳細的訪問和在臺北市蕉嶺同鄉會的接觸了解，這些來臺第一代的蕉嶺客家人，在新冠疫情爆發以前經常聚在會館一起開會吃飯，或許思鄉更使得他們珍惜這份客家情誼，開會時均使用客家話溝通，飯中常常有蕉嶺最有名的「三及第湯」，是熱心的蕉嶺鄉親特別準備的懷鄉美食，每個會員均懷有濃濃的客家認同和中國家鄉認同，當然年紀也都八、九十歲，甚至到達百歲。研究發現，蕉嶺的客家話有時類似目前梅州市的客家話一樣，有一小部分直接由「北京官話」（臺灣俗稱「華語」）讀出，和臺灣本地略有不同，在語言上臺灣客家人仍然保有更多的原始客家原音；研究同時發現，截至目前為止，蕉嶺可家人有結婚組織家庭者，其第二代和第三代在臺灣社會的薰陶之下，客家認同度似乎也起了些改變，此一現象值得進一步研究。
;The Waishein Jiaoling Hakka refers to the group of Jiaoling Hakka people who lead by Jiang Zhongzheng, and retreated from mainland China to Taiwan during the civil war between the Kuomintang and the Communist Party(A.D.1945-1949); according to "Talking about Jiaoling"(Jiaoling Literature and History Vol. 23, February, 2013, Page 25), there were more than 2,100 Jiaoling Hakka. On political perspective these people are political Refugees(Shi Zheng-Feng, 2004), and this is truly a great tragedy: almost all Jiaoling Hakka were forced to leave their homes (or a very small number were volunteers) due to regime change, most of them were single, some were even teenagers( age 14-17 years old).
Although being Hakka, the Jiaoling Hakka are recognized as Waishein Cantonese by Taiwan society, and in a disadvantaged position compare to other Cantonese’s Association. As a Jiaoling descendant, it is very important that leave some records for Jiaoling HAKKA, as well as adding more real notes to Taiwan′s history.
After finished visits and interviews, the study found these first-generation Jiaoling Hakka people in Taiwan (most of them aged 80 to 90, and some of them are more than 100) all have a strong self-identity, both on the Hakka and their Chinese hometown; perhaps homesickness makes them cherish this Hakka friendship, they hangout regularly before the COVID-19 pandemic, and speak Hakka dialect during the reunions or meetings with fellows. In terms of language, unlike Taiwan still retains more original Hakka pronunciation, the study find Jiaoling Hakka dialect seems to be similar to the current Hakka dialect in Meizhou City, which has a small part of pronunciation directly read out by "Beijing Mandarin"(commonly known as "Chinese" in Taiwan)and it is slightly different from Taiwan. In addition, the study also find that when Jiaoling HAKKA people get married in Taiwan, their second and third generations changed self-identity as a Hakka because of Taiwanese society, the trend and phenomenon should be further studied. |
