| 摘要: | 在華夏歴史中以宗教之名而發動民變的事蹟不絕於史書，但成功一統中原的帝王僅有朱元璋一人，他在群雄之中脫穎而出，歷經十五年完成布衣至帝王的轉換。本文嘗試從朱氏的早年遭遇出發，結合其所撰文集、官方文獻與民間史料，探析在此過程對於他往後從軍的影響。文中將以政治、軍事、內政、對外關係、宗教與國號為論述主題，從朱元璋所採取的舉措中，探討相應的效果與形塑之間的關係。
朱元璋在消滅群雄的過程中，軍事上的成功固然無法否定，但在其背後的相應政策與各方支持更為值得關注。當其他民變集團在燒殺劫掠的同時，朱氏已嚴格要求部隊紀律，並藉由宗教與儒學方面採取一系列措施爭取地方精英的支持。在戰略上，他採取先南後北的方針，使他贏得發展的空間與時間，避免了在領軍之初便被吞併。政治上，朱元璋先是祭出復宋名號吸引江南士人的歸附，後又採用華夷之別的身份認同招撫北方漢人的支持。另外，他在政權合法性的問題中，透過中國傳統的奉「天」學說，使之集團合法化。在過程中不難看出朱元璋務實、謹慎之性格特徵使他在不同時期的現實社會環境，選擇實施對其較為有利的決策，為其帝業奠定了基礎。
縱觀元末民變群雄，儘管在起事之初獲得百姓群起相應，並佔有廣袤的轄地，但最後皆以失敗告終。最後成就朝代更替的朱元璋，雖發展之初地狹人少，尚依附他人政權，但在兼併各個勢力的歷程中，朱氏在各方面依照不同情況在政治與軍事上逐步更改、落實策略，進而獲得各方的支持，終至成功一統天下。
;In the history of China, there are many deeds of people′s uprising in the name of religion, but the only emperor who successfully unified the Central Plains was Zhu Yuanzhang. This article attempts to start from the early experiences of Taizu, combined with his collection of essays, official documents and folk historical materials, to analyze the influence of this process on his subsequent military service. This article will focus on politics, military, internal affairs, foreign relations, religion and national titles, and discuss the relationship between the corresponding effects and image building from the measures taken by Zhu Yuanzhang.
Zhu Yuanzhang′s military success cannot be denied in the process of eliminating the other military groups, but the corresponding policies behind it and the support of all parties are more worthy of attention. While other military groups were burning, killing and looting people, the Zhu clan demanded strict discipline in the troops, and adopted a series of measures in religion and Confucianism to win the support of local elites. Strategically, the policy of putting the south first and then the north enabled Taizu to gain space and time for development and avoid being annexed at the beginning of his leadership. Politically, Zhu Yuanzhang first resorted to the name of the Song Dynasty to attract the support of gentry in Jiangnan, and then adopted the identity of Sino–barbarian to appeal to the support of the Han people in the north. In addition, in the issue of the legitimacy of the regime, he legitimized the group through the traditional Chinese doctrine of " Heaven". In the process, it is not difficult to see that Taizu′s pragmatic and cautious character made him choose and implement more favorable decisions in the real social environment of different periods, which laid the foundation for his imperial career.
Although Zhu Yuanzhang′s power was inferior to other military groups at the beginning, but who finally succeeded in the replacement of the Yüan Dynasty, although at the beginning of its development, had a narrow land and few people, and still depended on the government of others, but in the process of merging various forces, Taizu clan gradually changed and implemented strategies in politics and military in various aspects according to different situations, and then get the support of all parties, and finally succeed in dominating China. |
