| 摘要: | 在金元之際，金朝遭受蒙元、南宋夾擊，境內烽煙不絕，文士紛紛逃難，以尋求一線生機。其中，東平府在漢族世侯嚴實父子管治下，局勢相對穩定，並且重視保護及發展漢學，故而吸引故金文士前往投靠，成為當時的文學重鎮。受到科舉制度影響，金人以賦為重。因此，東平府的文學也以辭賦為主，而文壇宗主元好問投身府學，教授及校考辭賦，所授文士多成為當時辭賦創作的中流砥柱。
本文以金元之際東平府中郝經、王惲、王旭三位文士為主要探討對象，藉著爬梳三人的辭賦作品，分析當中的書寫及心態特色，並統整其文學史上的價值，尤其是對於元代辭賦的影響。首先，探究金元之際東平府與文士的辭賦淵源，梳理出金元之際東平府地理位置的重要性，以及辭賦為何是金朝文士的治學重心。同時闡釋元好問的賦作及賦論，以彰顯其位居東平府文士賦學濫觴的重要性。接者透過主題剖析，分述郝經、王惲、王旭三人之辭賦書寫特色。
經由深入考察，本文以為金元之際東平府文士的辭賦創作，受元好問影響極深，繼而形成四點共通特色。其一，淡化詠物賦以「寫物圖貌」為主的書寫模式，以抒發個人情志為主。其二，在作品中多見仕隱問題的論述，大多以入仕作為人生目標。其三，文體創作以楚騷及漢代散體賦為主，為元代「祖騷宗漢」復古賦風之先聲。同時，亦偶有借鑑六朝賦之處。其四，偏好以歷史主題入賦，其中則可分為「存史」及「詠史」兩個面向。
本文選擇以東平府文士及其辭賦作為研究對象，並非否定當時其他文士群體重要性，而是希望透過辭賦角度，擴展及深化此群體於文學史上的價值及意義。
;During the Jin and Yuan Dynasties（金元之際）, the Jin Dynasty（金朝） was attacked by the Yuan（元） and the Southern Song Dynasty（南宋）. There were endless wars in the territory, and literati fled to seek a chance. Among them, Dongping Mansion（東平府） was relatively stable under the rule of the Han Dynasty Marquis （漢族世侯）Yan Shi（嚴實） and his son, and he attached great importance to the protection and development of Sinology. Therefore, it attracted former Jin scribes to seek refuge and became an important academic center at that time. Affected by the imperial examination system, Jin people put Fu as the most important thing. Therefore, the academics of Dongping Mansion also focused on Ci Fu（辭賦）, and Yuan Haowen, the suzerain of the literary world, devoted himself to the Fu school, taught Ci Fu and took school examinations, and most of the scribes he taught became the mainstay of Ci Fu creation at that time.
This article focuses on the three literati Hao Jing（郝經）, Wang Yun（王惲）, and Wang Xu（王旭） in the Dongping Mansion during the Jin and Yuan Dynasties. By combing through the works of the three scholars, they analyze the characteristics of writing and mentality, and integrate their value in the history of literature. Especially for the influence of Fu in Yuan Dynasty. First of all, explore the Dongping Mansion and the source of literati Fu during the Jin and Yuan Dynasties, sort out the importance of the geographical location of Dongping Mansion during the Jin and Yuan Dynasties, and the Ci Fu as the academic focus of Jin Dynasty literati. At the same time, it explains Yuan Haowen′s Fu composition and Fu theory to highlight the importance of Yuan Haowen′s Fu source as a scholar in Dongping Prefecture. Then, through the analysis of the theme, the author discusses the writing characteristics of Hao Jing, Wang Yun and Wang Xu.
After in-depth investigation, this paper believes that the creation of Ci Fu by Dongping Mansion literati during the Jin and Yuan Dynasties was deeply influenced by Yuan Haowen, and then formed four common characteristics. First, downplaying the writing mode of "writing things and pictures"（寫物圖貌） in chanting Fu, focusing on expressing personal emotions. Second, there are many discussions on the issue of officialdom in the works, and most of them regard becoming an official as their life goal. Third, the literary style creation is mainly based on Chu Sao（楚騷） and Han Dynasty prose Fu（漢代散體賦）, which is the harbinger of the retro Fu style of "Zu Sao Zong Han"（祖騷宗漢） in Yuan Dynasty. At the same time, there are occasional references to the Fu of the Six Dynasties. Fourth, he prefers to use historical themes in his poems, which can be divided into two aspects: "preserving history" and "chanting history".
This article chooses Dongping Mansion literati and their Fu as the research object, not to deny the importance of other literati groups at that time, but to expand and deepen the value and significance of this group in the history of literature through the perspective of Fu. |
