笛卡爾《沉思錄》我思與上帝存在之關聯;Descartes’ Meditation——The Correlation between Cogito and the Existence of God

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Title:	笛卡爾《沉思錄》我思與上帝存在之關聯;Descartes’ Meditation——The Correlation between Cogito and the Existence of God
Authors:	呂宜蒨;Lu, Yi-Chien
Contributors:	哲學研究所在職專班
Keywords:	笛卡爾;我思;上帝存在;精神;懷疑;理性;Descartes;Cogito;God exists;spirit;doubt;reason
Date:	2023-06-15
Issue Date:	2024-09-19 15:57:01 (UTC+8)
Publisher:	國立中央大學
Abstract:	本篇論文研究的目的，是藉由笛卡爾對「我思」探討，進而引出「上帝存在」的議題，而進一步探討「我思」與「上帝存在」間的關聯。在第一沉思中，笛卡爾先否定所有目前他已知的，認為所有來自感官經驗而得知的知識都是需被懷疑、無法確認的，並提出應將一切都重新檢視，只留下經過論證確認可信的，拋棄感知及經驗所建立而無法證明其真實性的部分；並在第二沉思中提出「我思，故我在」，藉由「我思」是唯一可確認的精神活動，不同於感知、經驗所形成之知識、觀念，經由「我思」證明「我存在」的方式，且我思則我在的論證成為在進行至第二沉思完成時，唯一可確認的真實，在論證「我思，故我在」時，也成為其他事物需再次檢視的根本，若其他事物無法如「我思」一般的可經由理性，也就是自然之光而被證明，則無法確認其存在的真實性。而進一步推論至第三沉思的上帝存在，他所提出的哲學論證，以之前的二個沉思中證實我思我存在的論證方式，以此推證上帝的存在。第四沉思在確認上帝的存在後並以此驗證真實與錯誤的區分，而在第五沉思中，在自然之光的分析理解下，再次論證上帝存在的無可動搖性，並認為上帝的存在是一切知識之能被視為正確的基礎，必須由上帝證實這些知識的可信度。笛卡爾以上帝的完滿及無限的本質用論證的方式證明之，以其對「上帝」這個名詞的定義來說明上帝的本質，上帝所代表的本質都包含在我們對此名詞的定義中，上帝即是最高的存有，故其必然包含最大的完滿、無限及全能，並以存在是其完滿的證明，若上帝不存在，則無法視為完滿；如笛卡爾所論，上帝的存有非因經驗及感官所能確認，而在笛卡爾的論證中，「我」的存在可經由思維的活動正在進行而證明存在，經由理性的論證確認上帝的存在，而上帝與我思的關聯則是我們如何理解這個世界存有的關鍵。 ;The purpose of this dissertation is to explore the relationship between "Cogito" and "God Existence" through Descartes′ discussion of "Cogito" and then lead to the issue of "God Existence". In the first meditation, Descartes first denies all the knowledge he has known and believes that all knowledge from sensory experience needs to be doubted and cannot be confirmed, and proposes that everything should be re-examined, leaving only the knowledge that has been experienced. The argument confirms what is credible, and discards the part established by perception and experience that cannot prove its authenticity; and next to forward "I think, therefore I am" in the second meditation, because "I think" is the only identifiable mental activity, Different from the knowledge and concepts formed by perception and experience, the way of proving "I exist" through "I think", and the argument of "I am" becomes the only verifiable truth when the second meditation is completed. When demonstrating "I think, therefore I am", it also becomes the basis for other things to be re-examined. If other things cannot be proved by reason like "I think", that is, the light of nature, their existence cannot be confirmed. authenticity. And to further infer the existence of God in the third meditation, the philosophical argument he put forward is to prove the existence of God in the same way as in the previous two meditations to prove the existence of cogito. The fourth meditation, after confirming the existence of God, verifies the distinction between truth and falsehood, while in the fifth meditation, under the analytical understanding of natural light, it again demonstrates the unshakable nature of God’s existence, and believes that God’s existence It is the basis upon which all knowledge can be regarded as correct, the credibility of which must be attested by God. Descartes demonstrated the perfect and infinite essence of God by means of demonstration, and explained the essence of God with his definition of the term "God". The essence represented by God is included in our definition of this term, God It is the highest being, so it must contain the greatest perfection, infinity and omnipotence, and its existence is the proof of its perfection. If God does not exist, it cannot be regarded as perfection; as Descartes argued, the existence of God cannot be confirmed by experience and senses, and in Descartes′ argument, the "I" can prove the existence of through the ongoing activities of thinking, and confirm the existence of God through rational arguments. The relationship between God and cogito It is the key to how we understand the existence of this world.
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