人類是一個極其複雜的存在，其思想、行為和情感都是由多種因素所影響，因此理解人類的本質和特殊性是一個艱難的任務。研究「何為一個人」，一直是各個理論學者們關注的焦點。亞伯拉罕．哈羅德．馬斯洛是20世紀著名的人本心理學家，他的需求層次理論是心理學的重要範例之一。該理論將人類的需求分為五個層次：生理需求、安全需求、愛與歸屬感、尊重需求和自我實現；晚年更提出人類有「超越性需求」。本文以馬斯洛需求層次理論做為架構，並以哲學人類學的概念來探究人類的獨特性。最後再以文獻資料檢討、反省並評論以馬斯洛需求層次理論定義人類的不足處。;Human beings are extremely complex beings whose thoughts, actions and emotions are influenced by many factors, so understanding the nature and specialness of human beings is a difficult task. The study of "what is a person" has always been the focus of various theoretical scholars. Abraham Maslow is a famous humanistic psychologist in the 20th century, and his hierarchy of needs theory is one of the important examples of psychology. This theory divides human needs into five levels: physiological needs, safety needs, love and belonging, respect needs, and self-realization; in his later years, he even proposed that human beings have "transcendental needs." This dissertation uses Maslow′s theory of hierarchy of needs as a framework, and uses the concept of philosophical anthropology to explore the uniqueness of human beings. Finally, review, introspect and comment on the deficiencies of human beings defined by Maslow′s hierarchy of needs theory with literature data.
